What are GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and How Do They Work?

Weight loss is a deeply personal journey, but for many women it comes with unique challenges that require careful thought and planning. From understanding the role of medical history to navigating the effects of medications and hormonal health, medical considerations often play a crucial role in determining success. Have you ever found yourself struggling with stubborn weight that refuses to budge despite your best efforts? Or perhaps you've started a weight loss programme only to encounter unexpected health issues along the way. These situations are more common than you might think, and they underscore the importance of factoring in medical conditions, treatments, and overall health into any weight loss plan.

A study highlighted that nearly 60% of women experience weight loss resistance due to underlying medical conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid dysfunction, or medication-related side effects. What’s more, the growing availability of medications like GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., Wegovy, Mounjaro) has opened new doors for managing weight, but their effectiveness often depends on proper medical guidance and personalised care.

Whether you’re just starting your weight loss journey or struggling to achieve results, we’ll dive into the importance of reviewing your medical history, understanding how medications can impact your efforts, and when to seek specialist care. Armed with this knowledge, you’ll be better equipped to take a holistic and health-first approach to reaching your goals.

Understanding Your Health: A Comprehensive Approach to Weight Loss

Weight loss is not just about diet and exercise; it’s a deeply personal journey influenced by various health factors. A thorough understanding of one's medical history and current medications is essential for a safe and effective weight loss strategy. Here’s why these elements matter:

Medical History: A Foundation for Effective Weight Loss

A complete review of medical history helps identify factors that may influence weight loss. For instance, conditions like hypothyroidism, PCOS, or metabolic syndrome can hinder weight loss despite rigorous efforts. Chronic illnesses like cardiovascular disease or diabetes may also require tailored interventions.

A clinical study highlighted that individuals with untreated hypothyroidism experienced slower weight loss, even when following calorie-restricted diets and exercise regimens. Treating the thyroid condition before starting weight loss interventions significantly improved outcomes. Undiagnosed conditions can lead to frustration and ineffective weight loss attempts. Understanding underlying conditions allows healthcare providers to design personalised strategies.

Current Medications: Navigating the Complexities

The Impact of Medications on Weight and Metabolism
Certain medications can affect weight, either by promoting weight gain or hindering metabolism. For example:

• Medications that may cause weight gain: Antidepressants (e.g., SSRIs), antipsychotics, corticosteroids, and insulin.
• Medications that may aid weight loss: GLP-1 receptor agonists like Wegovy or Mounjaro.

A meta-analysis found that individuals using GLP-1 receptor agonists experienced an average weight reduction of 12–15% of their baseline body weight over 68 weeks, compared to minimal weight loss in those using a placebo. However, patients on beta-blockers for hypertension reported slower metabolic rates, impacting their overall progress.

Understanding Drug Interactions with Weight Loss Treatments

Drug interactions can diminish the efficacy of weight loss medications or cause adverse effects. Patients taking blood thinners like warfarin need careful monitoring if prescribed GLP-1 medications, as they can alter INR levels. Combining multiple medications affecting appetite or metabolism can lead to unexpected side effects, such as nausea or dizziness.

A study reported that individuals taking GLP-1 medications along with metformin experienced a synergistic effect, improving glycaemic control and promoting weight loss. Conversely, patients on corticosteroids saw minimal weight change due to medication-induced fluid retention.

Assessing Your Health: The Science Behind a Holistic Approach

Before embarking on any weight loss or health improvement journey, a thorough health assessment is critical. By evaluating key indicators like Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, and blood tests, one can better understand their unique health profile and tailor strategies to meet specific needs. Here's a closer look at the science behind these essential measures.

BMI - Understanding Its Role and Limitations

BMI is a widely used measure that compares an individual’s weight to their height to categorize them as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. While useful as a general guideline, BMI does not account for factors like muscle mass, fat distribution, or ethnic differences.

A person with a BMI of 28 (classified as overweight) who has a high muscle mass may actually have a healthy body fat percentage. Conversely, someone with a BMI within the "normal" range but a high visceral fat level may be at risk for metabolic diseases. A study highlighted BMI’s limitations, showing that nearly 30% of individuals classified as obese based on BMI alone were metabolically healthy. Similarly, 15% of individuals with a normal BMI had metabolic dysfunctions like insulin resistance or high blood pressure.

Other Health Markers to Consider

• Waist Circumference: This is a key indicator of visceral fat, which surrounds vital organs. A study found that individuals with waist circumferences above 35 inches (women) and 40 inches (men) were at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, irrespective of BMI.
• Body Fat Percentage: Tools like bioelectrical impedance or DEXA scans provide a clearer picture of body composition. A study emphasized that a body fat percentage above 30% in women and 25% in men significantly increased the risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Blood Tests: Unveiling Hidden Health Insights

Blood tests are invaluable for identifying underlying health issues that may affect weight loss and overall well-being. Key tests to consider include:

1. Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP):

Assesses liver and kidney function, electrolyte balance, and blood sugar levels. Elevated fasting blood sugar may indicate insulin resistance, a common hurdle in weight loss.

2. Lipid Profile:

Measures cholesterol and triglycerides to evaluate cardiovascular risk. A study found that reducing LDL cholesterol improved weight loss outcomes by enhancing metabolic health.

3. Vitamin and Mineral Levels:

• Vitamin D Deficiency: Linked to slower weight loss and increased fat storage. A clinical trial found that supplementing vitamin D in deficient individuals improved fat metabolism.
• Iron Levels: Low iron can lead to fatigue, reducing exercise capacity.

4. Thyroid Function Tests: Measures TSH, T3, and T4 levels to detect hypothyroidism, a condition that slows metabolism and makes weight loss challenging.

5. Inflammatory Markers: Tests like C-reactive protein (CRP) can reveal chronic inflammation, which has been linked to weight gain and metabolic dysfunction. A 2 study demonstrated that reducing CRP levels through dietary changes and exercise improved weight loss outcomes.

Real-Life Impact of a Comprehensive Assessment

In a clinical study participants underwent detailed health assessments, including BMI, waist circumference, blood tests, and body fat analysis. Those with personalised weight loss plans based on their results experienced a 20% higher success rate in achieving their goals compared to those who relied on BMI alone.

Key Takeaways for Your Health Assessment

1. Look Beyond BMI: Combine BMI with waist circumference and body fat percentage for a clearer picture of health risks.
2. Prioritise Essential Blood Tests: Test for blood sugar, cholesterol, and thyroid function to identify metabolic roadblocks. Check for nutrient deficiencies like vitamin D or iron to optimise energy levels and fat metabolism.
3. Focus on Personalised Interventions: Use the data to craft a weight loss plan that addresses individual needs, ensuring sustainable results.

Consulting a Healthcare Professional: The Key to Safe and Effective Weight Loss

Effective weight loss is more than just a matter of willpower—it often requires professional guidance to address underlying health issues and ensure long-term success. Consulting healthcare professionals, from General Practitioners (GPs) to specialists, can provide the necessary medical expertise and personalised care to meet unique weight loss goals.

The Role of a GP in Weight Loss Management

General Practitioners are the first point of contact for medical advice, making them essential in weight loss management. GPs assess overall health, identify underlying conditions, and recommend tailored approaches based on individual needs.

Key Contributions of GPs:

Initial Health Assessments:

GPs evaluate medical history, perform physical exams, and order diagnostic tests like blood panels to identify barriers such as thyroid dysfunction or insulin resistance. A study reported that GPs diagnosed previously unrecognised hypothyroidism in 12% of overweight patients, allowing them to begin targeted treatment.

Creating Personalised Weight Loss Plans:

GPs can recommend diet and exercise plans tailored to individual health profiles. For those struggling with significant weight issues, they may suggest evidence-based pharmacological options like GLP-1 receptor agonists. A study demonstrated that patients receiving GP-led personalised weight loss plans lost an average of 7.5% of their body weight over 12 months compared to 2.5% in those relying on self-directed efforts.

When Specialist Referral Becomes Necessary

Not all weight loss challenges can be effectively managed by a GP alone. In cases involving complex medical conditions or plateaued progress despite interventions, a referral to a specialist may be necessary.

Examples of Specialist Care:

Endocrinologists:

Treat hormonal disorders like hypothyroidism, PCOS, or Cushing's syndrome, which can impede weight loss. Research revealed that patients with undiagnosed insulin resistance treated by endocrinologists experienced significant improvements in weight and metabolic health when prescribed medications like metformin.

Dietitians:

Provide tailored nutritional counselling and meal planning, addressing dietary imbalances or nutrient deficiencies. A clinical trial showed that patients working with a dietitian lost 15% more weight over six months compared to those using general diet advice alone.

Medicated Weight Loss:

For individuals struggling with severe obesity, medicated weight loss options like GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., Wegovy, Mounjaro) can be highly effective. Clinical studies have shown that patients using these medications can lose up to 15–20% of their initial body weight over the course of a year, with significant improvements in conditions like type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure.

These treatments are available privately outside the NHS through services like ours, SheMed Healthcare, a doctor-led service specialising in women’s medical weight loss. We include a comprehensive blood test to ensure the treatment is safe and suitable for you. Find out if you're eligible and begin your journey from just £99.

Conclusion

Medical considerations are not just an optional step in weight loss—they are the foundation for success, especially for women facing unique health and lifestyle challenges. By reviewing your medical history, understanding the role of medications, and consulting with healthcare professionals, you can uncover hidden barriers and address them effectively. Whether it’s a thyroid condition, a side effect of medication, or a hormonal imbalance, identifying the root causes of weight gain or loss resistance can make all the difference.

Medicated Weight loss is a complex process that requires more than diet and exercise. With the right medical guidance and a personalised approach, you can take control of your health and achieve sustainable results. If you’re feeling stuck or overwhelmed, remember that seeking professional advice is a sign of strength, not weakness. Your GP, dietitian, or specialists like us can provide the tools and support you need to succeed. 

Frequently Asked Questions 

1. Why is it important to consider medical history in weight loss?

Medical history helps identify underlying conditions like thyroid issues, PCOS, or insulin resistance that can make weight loss more challenging. Addressing these conditions can improve your chances of success and prevent complications during your weight loss journey.

2. How can medications affect weight loss?

Certain medications, like antidepressants, corticosteroids, and some diabetes drugs, can cause weight gain or interfere with metabolism. On the other hand, medications like GLP-1 receptor agonists can support weight loss by suppressing appetite and improving blood sugar control. Consulting your GP can help determine the best options for you.

3. When should I see a specialist for weight loss?

If you’ve been struggling to lose weight despite following a healthy diet and exercise routine, or if you have a condition like PCOS, diabetes, or hypothyroidism, it may be time to consult a specialist. Endocrinologists and dietitians can provide targeted care for complex cases.

4. Can my GP help me create a personalised weight loss plan?

Yes, GPs can assess your medical history, order relevant tests, and create a tailored weight loss plan based on your unique health profile. They may also recommend treatments or refer you to specialists for additional support.

5. Are there specific blood tests I should take before starting a weight loss programme?

Common blood tests include thyroid function tests, fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, and vitamin D levels. These tests can reveal issues like hormonal imbalances, nutrient deficiencies, or metabolic conditions that may impact weight loss. Learn more about SheMed blood test here. 

6. Are weight loss medications safe for women?

Weight loss medications approved in the UK, such as Wegovy, have undergone rigorous testing and are generally safe when used under medical supervision. However, they are not suitable for everyone. A consultation with your GP can help determine if they are right for you.

7. How do hormonal imbalances affect weight loss?

Hormonal imbalances, such as those caused by PCOS or menopause, can slow metabolism, increase fat storage, and lead to weight gain. Addressing these imbalances with appropriate medical care can significantly improve weight loss outcomes.

8. How can I ensure my weight loss journey is safe and effective?

Start by consulting your GP for a comprehensive health assessment, including medical history, medications, and any underlying conditions. Follow a balanced diet, incorporate regular physical activity, and seek support from healthcare professionals for guidance and accountability.

9. What role does stress play in weight loss resistance?

Chronic stress can increase cortisol levels, which promotes fat storage, particularly in the abdominal area. Stress management techniques like mindfulness, yoga, or counselling can help mitigate its effects and support weight loss efforts.

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References

1. National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2020). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. In Bookshelf (NBK551568). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551568/
2. Müller, T. D., Finan, B., Bloom, S. R., D'Alessio, D. A., Tschöp, M. H., & DiMarchi, R. D. (2019). The role of incretin hormones in glucose homeostasis and diabetes management. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 15(6), 385-396. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6711558/
3. Azziz, R., Carmina, E., Dewailly, D., Diamanti-Kandarakis, E., Escobar-Morreale, H. F., & Franks, S. (2009). Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 5(1), Article 15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19601724/
4. Dewailly, D., & Azziz, R. (2016). Polycystic ovary syndrome: Definition, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 4(10), 887-898. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27068991/‍
5. National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2020). Polycystic ovary syndrome. In Bookshelf (NBK534249). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534249/

Navigating the balance between enjoying a drink and managing your health while on Mounjaro is crucial, especially as the medication gains popularity. While the interaction between Mounjaro and alcohol isn't thoroughly researched yet, it's essential to consider potential factors that may impact your weight loss journey. Medication manufacturers recommend that people taking GLP-1 agonists either limit alcohol consumption or abstain from alcohol entirely.

While some individuals may find that a little alcohol consumption alongside Mounjaro doesn't result in serious side effects, it's always best to consult with a healthcare provider beforehand.

Remember, Mounjaro remains in your system for about a week after each injection, as it's administered weekly. So, even if you refrain from drinking alcohol on the day of your injection, it's important to recognize that it may not ensure complete safety. 

The exciting news is that recent studies have shown that Semaglutide and Tirzepatide medications such as Mounjaro may actually help people to reduce their alcohol intake by reducing alcohol cravings and the desire to drink alcohol. 

In this article, we'll explore the potential risks and considerations associated with alcohol consumption alongside Mounjaro.

Potential Side Effects of Drinking Alcohol on Mounjaro:

1. Decreased efficacy: Alcohol consumption may interfere with the effectiveness of Wegovy or Mounjaro in achieving desired outcomes, meaning that your weight loss goals may not be achieved as quickly. 
2. Increased side effects: Combining alcohol with medication can heighten side effects or adverse reactions, leading to discomfort or health complications. Read more about Mounjaro side effects here.
3. Liver function: Both alcohol and certain medications, including Mounjaro, can affect liver function. Concurrent use may exacerbate liver-related issues or impair medication metabolism.
4. Reduced Inhibition: When you have had a drink, your decisions are less thought out which may lead to behaviours that are unsupportive of your weight loss journey such as excess snacking or consuming foods that don’t align with your weight loss plan.
5. Increased calorie intake: Alcohol is calorie-dense, containing 7 calories per gram, which can significantly contribute to overall calorie consumption. However, despite its caloric content, alcohol doesn't provide the same feeling of fullness or satiety as solid foods which may undermine weight loss efforts or exacerbate overeating tendencies.
6. Reduced exercise: Consuming alcohol may lead to you feeling tired and groggy the next day, and who wants to workout with a hangover! This could negatively impact your routine and weight loss success.
7. Increased physical discomfort: As Mounjaro works by slowing your digestion, the consumption of lots of calories in one go may cause gastrointestinal issues like bloating, heartburn or constipation. 

Considerations for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes:

Individuals with type 2 diabetes are advised to be cautious when consuming alcohol alongside Mounjaro. Normally, your liver is involved in regulating blood sugar levels by releasing glucose. However, when you consume alcohol your liver changes its priority and works to process alcohol instead, so glucose isn’t released. Both Mounjaro and alcohol can lower blood sugar levels, so there is a heightened risk of experiencing hypoglycemia. 

Alcohol may also cause heightened blood sugar levels as drinks such as beer and cocktails often contain high levels of sugar and carbohydrates. This can cause a temporary increase in blood sugar levels. Over time, the calories consumed from alcohol are stored as fat in the liver, leading to insulin resistance in liver cells and a gradual rise in blood sugar levels.

Guidelines for Safe Consumption:

While definitive guidelines regarding alcohol consumption with Mounjaro are lacking, it's advisable to exercise caution and adhere to general recommendations:

• Speak to your doctor: Before consuming alcohol while taking these medications, consult with your Clinician to assess potential risks and receive personalised advice.
• Stick to Moderation: If alcohol consumption is deemed acceptable, consume it in moderation and enjoy it rather than taking it too far. Limit intake to recommended levels and avoid excessive or binge drinking.
• Monitor Your Symptoms: Pay attention to any changes in symptoms or side effects while consuming alcohol alongside medication. Report any concerns promptly to your healthcare provider.
• Consider Why You’re Drinking: Drinking alcohol can provide stress relief or help us feel more confident in social situations. If you do fancy a drink, consider why this might be and think about whether there are alternative behaviours you can engage in to help yourself feel better.

For the best results with Mounjaro, it's advised to avoid combining them with alcohol. Alcohol consumption is likely to heighten the risk of side effects and reduce the effectiveness of Mounjaro. 

We recognise that reducing alcohol consumption can be challenging for some individuals, so it's important to seek support if needed. If you're finding it difficult to cut down on alcohol then speak to your GP to explore the help and support on offer to reduce your alcohol intake.