Why do cravings always seem to strike at the least convenient times? After a long, exhausting day, the thought of chocolate or crisps suddenly becomes irresistible. If this scenario sounds familiar, you’re not alone. Studies indicate that up to 70% of women experience emotional eating at some point in their lives, often turning to comfort foods in response to stress, boredom, or even loneliness. These cravings can feel overwhelming, and they’re not just about hunger—they’re often rooted in deeper emotional triggers, making them all the more challenging to resist.

Emotional eating may seem harmless at the moment, but over time, it can significantly impact both physical and mental health. For many women, emotional eating leads to a cycle of guilt, frustration, and self-blame, often leading to unhealthy weight gain and a negative relationship with food. Constantly giving in to cravings can also wreak havoc on blood sugar levels, sleep quality, and overall energy, making it harder to feel balanced and healthy.

Imagine approaching food with a sense of calm and clarity, choosing what to eat based on how it truly makes you feel, rather than how it might distract from stress or boredom. With the right techniques, cravings and emotional eating don’t have to be obstacles they can become opportunities to practise self-care, patience, and resilience. If you’re tired of giving in to your cravings, there’s hope: it’s possible to take back control, one mindful choice at a time.

Understanding Emotional Eating

Emotional eating is the practice of using food to cope with emotions rather than to satisfy physical hunger. This behaviour often manifests as a response to various emotional triggers, leading individuals to consume food in order to alleviate feelings of stress, boredom, loneliness, or sadness. Understanding the nuances of emotional eating is essential for developing healthier coping mechanisms and improving overall well-being.

Definition and Triggers of Emotional Eating

Emotional eating is characterised by the tendency to eat in response to emotional states rather than physiological hunger cues. This can occur during both negative and positive emotional experiences, although it is most commonly associated with negative feelings such as stress, anxiety, and sadness. A study found that about 40% of individuals tend to eat more when stressed, while others may eat less or show no change in their eating habits under stress.

Common triggers for emotional eating include:

• Stress: High-stress situations can lead individuals to seek comfort in food. The body's stress response increases cortisol levels, which can heighten appetite and cravings for high-calorie foods.
• Boredom: Many people turn to food when they have nothing to do. This behaviour can become habitual, leading to mindless snacking during periods of inactivity.
• Loneliness: Emotional voids often lead individuals to seek solace in food, particularly comfort foods that evoke positive memories or feelings.

The Connection Between Emotional Eating and Comfort Foods

Comfort foods play a significant role in emotional eating patterns. These foods are typically high in sugar, fat, or carbohydrates and are associated with positive feelings or nostalgic memories. For instance, a review found that individuals often crave specific comfort foods during times of distress, such as ice cream or pizza, which provide immediate gratification but do not address the underlying emotional issues.

The consumption of comfort foods can create a cycle of temporary relief followed by feelings of guilt or shame once the initial pleasure dissipates. This cycle reinforces emotional eating behaviours as individuals may continue to use food as a coping mechanism for their emotions.

Strategies for Managing Cravings

Managing cravings is an essential component of effective weight management. Various strategies, including mindful eating, healthy snacking, hydration, and maintaining regular meal patterns, can help individuals navigate their cravings and develop healthier eating habits.

Mindful Eating

Mindful eating is an approach that encourages individuals to focus on the present moment while eating, paying attention to the sensory experience of food and internal cues of hunger and fullness. This practice promotes a healthier relationship with food and has been associated with several benefits, including:

• Improved awareness of hunger and satiety cues: Mindful eating helps individuals recognize when they are truly hungry or full, reducing the likelihood of overeating.
• Enhanced enjoyment of food: By savouring each bite, individuals often find greater satisfaction in smaller portions, which can lead to weight loss or maintenance.
• Reduction in emotional eating: Mindful eating techniques can help individuals distinguish between emotional and physical hunger, thereby decreasing reliance on food for emotional comfort.

A review highlighted that mindful eating can be an effective tool for managing unhealthy eating behaviours such as binge eating and emotional eating, although it may not always result in significant weight loss outcomes due to varying study designs.

Practical Tips for Mindful Eating

1. Eat Slowly: Take time to chew food thoroughly and savour the flavours. Research shows that slower eating is associated with reduced calorie intake as individuals feel fuller sooner.
2. Pay Attention to Hunger and Fullness Cues: Before eating, ask yourself if you are genuinely hungry or if you are eating out of habit or emotion. Reflect on how you feel during meals.
3. Avoid Distractions During Meals: Set aside time to eat without distractions from phones, television, or computers. This allows for greater focus on the meal and enhances the overall experience.

Healthy Snacking

Healthy snacking can play a crucial role in managing cravings and maintaining energy levels throughout the day. Healthy snack options include: 

• Fruits: Apples, berries, bananas
• Vegetables: Carrot sticks, cucumber slices, bell pepper strips
• Nuts: Almonds, walnuts, pistachios (in moderation)
• Yoghourt: Full fat or Greek yoghourts for protein

Portion Control and Timing of Snacks

Portion control is vital for healthy snacking. Using smaller plates or containers can help manage serving sizes effectively. Additionally, timing snacks appropriately such as mid-morning or mid-afternoon can prevent excessive hunger that may lead to overeating at meals.

Hydration

Staying hydrated is essential for overall health and can also help reduce cravings. Often, feelings of hunger can be misinterpreted as signals of thirst. Research indicates that drinking water before meals can lead to reduced calorie intake. A study published in Obesity found that participants who drank water before meals consumed fewer calories and lost more weight over 12 weeks compared to those who did not .

Regular Meals

Maintaining regular meal patterns is crucial for managing cravings and preventing binge eating episodes. Skipping meals can lead to increased hunger later in the day, often resulting in overeating or poor food choices.

Regular meals help stabilise blood sugar levels and prevent extreme hunger that triggers cravings for high-calorie foods. A study published in Nutrition Journal found that individuals who ate regular meals experienced fewer cravings and better appetite control compared to those who skipped meals .

Addressing Emotional Triggers

Emotional triggers can significantly influence eating behaviours, often leading to emotional eating. Understanding and addressing these triggers through various strategies, including stress management techniques, emotional awareness, and seeking professional help, can empower individuals to develop healthier coping mechanisms and improve their overall well-being.

Stress Management Techniques

• Yoga: Yoga combines physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation to reduce stress. A study found that participants who practised Hatha yoga three times a week for four weeks experienced significant reductions in stress, anxiety, and depression levels. The practice promotes relaxation by activating the parasympathetic nervous system, which counteracts the stress response and lowers cortisol levels .
• Meditation: Mindfulness meditation encourages individuals to focus on the present moment, which can help alleviate stress and anxiety. Research indicates that mindfulness meditation can lead to reductions in emotional eating behaviours. A systematic review in the British Medical Bulletin concluded that mindfulness practices effectively reduce emotional eating by enhancing emotional regulation and awareness .
• Deep Breathing: Deep breathing exercises are effective for immediate stress relief. Techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing involve inhaling deeply into the abdomen rather than shallow breaths into the chest. A narrative review found that participants who engaged in deep breathing exercises reported lower anxiety levels and improved autonomic function .

Benefits of Physical Activity

Physical activity is a powerful tool for reducing stress. Regular exercise releases endorphins, which are natural mood lifters. A study demonstrated that individuals who engaged in regular physical activity reported lower levels of perceived stress and better overall mental health compared to sedentary individuals . Furthermore, exercise can serve as a constructive outlet for managing emotions, reducing the likelihood of turning to food for comfort.

‍Emotional Awareness

Developing emotional awareness is crucial for identifying triggers that lead to emotional eating. Individuals are encouraged to:

• Identify Emotions: Keeping a journal to track emotions and eating patterns can help individuals recognize when they are eating out of emotion rather than hunger.
• Find Healthier Coping Mechanisms: Instead of turning to food, individuals can explore alternative coping strategies such as talking to a friend, engaging in a hobby, or practising relaxation techniques.

Research shows that enhancing emotional awareness can lead to better self-regulation of eating behaviours. A study found that participants who engaged in emotional awareness training exhibited reduced emotional eating tendencies compared to those who did not participate in such training .

Seeking Professional Help

Therapy and counselling play a vital role in managing emotional eating by providing individuals with tools and strategies to cope with their emotions effectively.

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT is an evidence-based approach that helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns related to food and emotions. A meta-analysis and systematic reviews found that CBT significantly reduces binge eating episodes and improves emotional regulation among individuals with eating disorders .
• Support Groups: Participating in support groups can foster a sense of community and provide shared experiences that normalise struggles with emotional eating. Research indicates that group therapy can enhance motivation for change and provide accountability, leading to improved outcomes for participants .
• Individual Counselling: Working with a therapist allows for personalised strategies tailored to individual needs. Therapists can help clients explore underlying emotional issues contributing to their eating behaviours, facilitating long-term changes.

Conclusion

Addressing emotional eating and cravings is crucial for successful weight management. Emotional eating can significantly hinder progress by leading to unhealthy eating patterns that are often driven by stress, boredom, or other emotional triggers. Recognizing these patterns and implementing effective strategies is essential for achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. To support this journey, readers are encouraged to practise mindful eating. This involves being fully present during meals, paying attention to hunger and fullness cues, and savouring each bite. 

Mindful eating not only enhances the enjoyment of food but also helps reduce the likelihood of overeating. Choosing healthy snacks, managing stress effectively, and seeking professional guidance, you can foster a healthier relationship with food and enhance your overall well-being. 

It is important to remember that seeking professional help is a valuable option for those struggling with emotional eating. Therapy and counselling can provide personalised support and effective strategies for managing emotional triggers and developing healthier eating habits.

Finding it hard to stop emotional eating—even when you’re determined to lose weight?

You’re not alone, and it’s not just about willpower. Emotional eating is incredibly common, especially when stress, fatigue, or hormonal shifts make cravings feel impossible to ignore. At SheMed, we understand how tough it can be—and we’re here to help.

Our medically guided weight loss programme is designed specifically for women like you, offering not just treatments like Wegovy and Mounjaro, but also practical tools and compassionate support to manage weight. Check your eligibility today and let SheMed support you with a programme that works with your life—not against it.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Why do I always crave sweets or salty snacks during stressful times?

Cravings for sweets or salty snacks are common because these foods can temporarily boost serotonin or dopamine, which are "feel-good" chemicals. During stress, the body also releases cortisol, a hormone that can increase cravings for high-calorie foods. Recognizing these cravings as emotional can help you make healthier choices or try stress-relief techniques.

2. Are there any strategies for stopping emotional eating once it starts?

Yes, there are several strategies. One is to pause and check in with your emotions before eating—ask yourself if you’re feeling hungry or experiencing an emotional trigger like stress or boredom. Another is to try alternative activities, such as going for a walk, doing a quick mindfulness exercise, or having a glass of water. Replacing the habit with a new routine can help break the cycle.

3. Does emotional eating affect weight loss efforts?

Emotional eating can make it harder to lose or maintain weight, as it often leads to consuming high-calorie, low-nutrient foods in response to emotional triggers rather than hunger. By addressing the emotional side of eating, it’s easier to make balanced food choices that support weight management goals.

4. Are there support resources in the UK specifically for women dealing with emotional eating?

Yes, there are several resources available. The NHS provides access to mental health and dietary support, including therapy options such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and support groups. Charities like Mind and Beat also offer resources for emotional eating and body image issues.

5. What can I do if I experience cravings every night?

Night-time cravings are often linked to habits or emotional triggers. Try eating balanced meals throughout the day, with protein, healthy fats, and fibre to keep you fuller for longer. Establishing a relaxing night-time routine that doesn’t focus on food—such as reading, stretching, or enjoying herbal tea—can also help reduce the urge to snack.

6. How can I tell the difference between a craving and real hunger?

True physical hunger comes on gradually and can be satisfied with a variety of foods. Cravings, on the other hand, are typically sudden and specific, such as wanting something salty or sweet. Practising mindful eating can help you become more aware of these cues and make decisions that align with your actual needs.

7. Are there specific foods that help reduce cravings?

Yes, certain foods can help manage cravings. Protein-rich foods, high-fibre vegetables, and whole grains help stabilise blood sugar, which can reduce cravings. Foods rich in magnesium, like leafy greens and nuts, are also thought to reduce chocolate cravings, as magnesium deficiencies are sometimes linked to cravings for sweets.

8. What should I do if I feel guilty after emotional eating?

Feeling guilty is common, but it’s important to practise self-compassion. Acknowledge what happened without judgement, and consider what triggered the emotional eating. Remind yourself that occasional slip-ups are normal. Focusing on positive actions, like planning a balanced meal for the next day, can help you move forward without guilt.

References

• Konttinen, H., van Strien, T., & Mannisto, S. (2020). Emotional eating and obesity in adults: The role of depression, sleep, and genes. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 79(3), 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665120000146
• Vitousek, K., & Mervosh, K. (2019). Mindful eating: What we know so far. Nutrients, 11(4), 793. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040793
• Van Strien, T., & Herman, C. P. (2019). Interactions between emotions and eating behaviors: Main issues, neuroimaging contributions, and innovative preventive or corrective strategies. Appetite, 143, 104409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104409
• Van Strien, T., & Koenders, D. (2016). Individual determinants of emotional eating: A simultaneous investigation. Eating Behaviors, 22, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.02.001‍
• Rahati, S., Qorbani, M., Naghavi, A., Nia, M.H., & Pishva, H. (2024). Genes involved in susceptibility to obesity and emotional eating behavior in a Romanian population. Nutrients, 16(16), 2652. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162652

Have you ever felt like no matter what you do—whether it’s cutting carbs, exercising more, or trying every weight loss trend—the scale just won’t budge? Or perhaps your weight fluctuates unpredictably, leaving you feeling frustrated, exhausted, and unsure of what’s really going on with your body. If this sounds familiar, you’re not alone. For many women, weight loss isn’t just about calories in versus calories out it’s deeply tied to hormonal balance. 

Hormones like insulin, estrogen, and cortisol play a powerful role in metabolism, appetite regulation, and fat storage. When they’re out of sync, the usual weight loss advice can feel impossible to follow, and progress can seem painfully slow. This is where GLP-1 receptor agonists medications like Mounjaro and Wegovy are changing the game. Originally developed for diabetes, these medications have shown remarkable success in helping women not only lose weight but also regain control over their metabolic health.

But how exactly do GLP-1 medications influence hormones? Can they help restore balance to a system that often feels unpredictable whether due to PCOS, menopause, or insulin resistance? And most importantly, what does this mean for women struggling with stubborn weight gain despite their best efforts? Let’s explore how these medications interact with key hormones and what this means for long-term success in managing both weight and overall well-being.

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GLP-1 Agonists and Hormonal Balance

Potential Effects on Menstrual Cycle Regularity

GLP-1 agonists have shown promising effects on menstrual cycle regularity, particularly in women with PCOS. Research indicates that these medications can help restore regular ovulation, which is often disrupted in women with PCOS due to hormonal imbalances. 

Research Insights

A meta-analysis found that treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists resulted in a significant improvement in menstrual regularity among participants, with a standardised mean difference (SMD) of 1.72 (95% CI 0.60 to 2.85, P < 0.001) compared to control groups. This improvement is crucial for women seeking to conceive, as regular ovulatory cycles are directly linked to fertility .

Impact on Hormone Levels During Menopause

While specific research on the effects of GLP-1 agonists during menopause is limited, the role of these medications in managing weight and improving insulin sensitivity can have positive implications for menopausal symptoms. 

As oestrogen levels decline during menopause, many women experience weight gain and increased insulin resistance, which can exacerbate symptoms such as hot flushes and mood swings. By promoting weight loss and enhancing metabolic health, GLP-1 agonists may help alleviate some of these symptoms. 

Interactions with Hormonal Contraceptives

The interaction between GLP-1 agonists and hormonal contraceptives is an area that requires careful consideration. While there is limited data on how GLP-1 agonists affect the efficacy of hormonal contraceptives, it is essential for women using these medications to consult healthcare providers regarding potential interactions. 

Clinical Insights

A study suggests that the weight loss associated with GLP-1 agonist use may enhance the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives by improving metabolic parameters that influence hormone levels. For example, improved insulin sensitivity may optimise the conditions under which hormonal contraceptives operate effectively.

Potential Effects on Thyroid Function

Impact on Thyroid Hormone Levels

The relationship between GLP-1 agonist and thyroid function has garnered attention due to concerns about their potential impact on thyroid hormone levels. A meta-analysis found that the use of GLP-1 agonists was associated with an increased risk of overall thyroid disorders, although no significant effects were observed on specific conditions such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism . This suggests that while there may be an association with thyroid disorders, the exact nature of this relationship warrants further investigation.

Potential for Thyroid Dysfunction

Concerns have been raised regarding the potential for thyroid dysfunction associated with long-term use of GLP-1 agonists. Some animal studies have indicated that chronic exposure to these medications may lead to thyroid C-cell hyperplasia and tumours; however, evidence from human studies remains inconclusive. 

A large-scale study involving over 145,000 participants treated with GLP-1 agonists found no significant increase in thyroid cancer risk compared to those treated with other diabetes medications. This highlights the need for ongoing research to clarify the potential risks associated with GLP-1 agonists and thyroid health.

Benefits of GLP-1 Agonists for Hormonal Health

The Link Between Weight Loss and Hormonal Balance

Weight loss plays a crucial role in restoring hormonal balance, particularly for women suffering from conditions like PCOS. Excess body weight is often associated with increased insulin resistance and elevated androgen levels, which can disrupt the delicate hormonal equilibrium necessary for regular menstrual cycles and overall reproductive health. 

Research Insights

A study shows that even a modest weight loss of 5-10% can lead to significant improvements in metabolic health and hormonal balance. It demonstrates that GLP-1 receptor agonists effectively promote weight loss in women with PCOS, leading to improved insulin sensitivity and reduced androgen levels .

How GLP-1 Agonists Can Help Regulate Insulin Levels

GLP-1 agonists work by mimicking the action of the hormone GLP-1, which stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. This means that they help lower blood sugar levels while also enhancing insulin sensitivity. 

A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted on obese individuals with insulin resistance found that treatment with GLP-1 agonists significantly improved insulin signalling in adipose tissue, leading to better glucose metabolism and reduced fat accumulation. By improving insulin sensitivity, GLP-1 agonists can help mitigate the effects of insulin resistance, thereby fostering a more favourable hormonal environment.

The Role of Androgens in PCOS and Other Hormonal Imbalances

Androgens, such as testosterone, play a significant role in various hormonal imbalances, particularly in women with PCOS. Elevated levels of these hormones can lead to symptoms such as hirsutism (excessive hair growth), acne, and irregular menstrual cycles. In PCOS patients, high insulin levels often stimulate ovarian androgen production, exacerbating these symptoms. Research indicates that managing insulin resistance is key to reducing androgen levels and alleviating related symptoms.

How GLP-1 Agonists May Help Reduce Androgen Levels

GLP-1 agonists have been shown to have a positive effect on reducing androgen levels in women with PCOS. A systematic review comparing the efficacy of GLP-1 agonists to metformin found that GLP-1 receptor agonists were more effective at lowering testosterone levels and improving menstrual regularity among obese women with PCOS . Specifically, the review reported that GLP-1 agonists resulted in a significant reduction in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, which are critical factors influencing androgen production.

Additionally, GLP-1 agonists may help regulate hormone levels by improving insulin sensitivity. As insulin resistance decreases, the overproduction of androgens can also diminish. 

Effects of Liraglutide on Body - A Randomized Controlled trial

A study indicated that liraglutide, a type of GLP-1 agonist, treatment led to decreased serum testosterone levels and improved ovulatory function among women with PCOS. This dual action promoting weight loss while simultaneously improving insulin sensitivity underscores the potential of GLP-1 agonists as an effective treatment option for managing hormonal imbalances associated with PCOS.

Potential Side Effects and Considerations

Common Side Effects of GLP-1 Agonists

GLP-1 agonists are generally well-tolerated, but they can cause several common side effects, particularly gastrointestinal symptoms. These include:

• Nausea: This is one of the most frequently reported side effects. Studies indicate that approximately 20-30% of patients experience nausea when starting treatment with GLP-1 agonists, especially during the initial titration period. The nausea often diminishes over time as the body adjusts to the medication.
• Vomiting: Alongside nausea, vomiting can occur in some patients. In clinical trials, about 5-10% of participants reported vomiting as a side effect, particularly with higher doses of the medication.
• Diarrhoea: Diarrhoea is another common gastrointestinal issue associated with GLP-1 agonists. Research shows that around 10-15% of patients may experience diarrhoea, which can also improve with continued use.

Other gastrointestinal symptoms can include abdominal pain, constipation, and dyspepsia (indigestion). In rare cases, more severe adverse events such as pancreatitis and biliary colic may occur, necessitating discontinuation of the medication.

Importance of Consulting with a Healthcare Provider

Given the potential for side effects and individual variability in response to GLP-1 agonists, it is crucial for patients to consult with healthcare providers before starting treatment. A healthcare provider can help assess whether GLP-1 agonists are suitable based on an individual's medical history, current health status, and specific needs.

• Individual Susceptibility: The onset and severity of side effects can vary significantly among individuals. Factors such as existing gastrointestinal conditions, other medications being taken, and overall health can influence how well a patient tolerates GLP-1 agonists. For example, patients with a history of gastroparesis (delayed gastric emptying) may be more susceptible to nausea and vomiting when taking these medications .

• Titration and Dose Adjustment: Healthcare providers often recommend a gradual dose escalation to minimise side effects. Starting at a lower dose and gradually increasing it allows the body to adjust more comfortably to the medication. This approach can help mitigate gastrointestinal symptoms and improve overall tolerance.

• Monitoring for Severe Symptoms: Patients should be aware of potential severe side effects that require immediate medical attention. For instance, persistent nausea or abdominal pain could indicate pancreatitis, which is a serious condition that necessitates discontinuation of the medication and further evaluation. Regular follow-up appointments are essential for monitoring progress and managing any adverse effects effectively.

Conclusion

GLP-1 agonists represent a significant advancement in the management of weight and metabolic health, particularly for women facing challenges related to conditions like PCOS. These medications not only promote weight loss and improve insulin sensitivity but also help regulate hormonal balance by reducing androgen levels. Effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists in improving menstrual regularity and reducing testosterone levels in PCOS patients is substantial. 

Consulting with a healthcare provider is crucial to assess individual needs and determine the suitability of GLP-1 agonists based on personal health history and circumstances. Healthcare providers can offer invaluable insights into managing side effects, adjusting dosages, and ensuring that the treatment aligns with the patient’s health goals. 

Reach out to us at SheMed for personalised support and guidance, and don’t forget to share our blogs with friends and family who might benefit from this information.

References

1. McCance-Katz, E. F., & Kosten, T. R. (2020). Opioid withdrawal. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551568/
2. Aroda, V. R., Frias, J. P., Al-Sabbagh, A., et al. (2023). Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide as add-on therapy to basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38286487/ 
3. Allison, J. P., & Wei, Y. (2022). The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(4), 1176. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9029608/
4. Taha, D., & Seibert, T. (2022). GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes management: Current perspectives. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 15, 2881–2892. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9405922/
5. Hernandez, A. F., Green, J. B., Janmohamed, S., et al. (2019). Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31593246/
6. Wild, S., Roglic, G., Green, A., Sicree, R., & King, H. (2004). Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care, 27(5), 1047–1053. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11202033/
7. Frias, J. P., Wynne, A. G., Vanicek, J., et al. (2023). Efficacy and safety of once-weekly retatrutide in adults with obesity (TRIUMPH). Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38708040/
8. Kosten, T. R., & Baxter, L. E. (2019). Opioid withdrawal. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551568/
9. Davies, M. J., D'Alessio, D. A., Fradkin, J., et al. (2018). Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018.  Diabetes Care, 41(12), 2669–2701. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29569621/
10. Shcherban, O., & Dzhus, I. (2022). The effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on metabolic profile in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Public Health and Management, 22(1), 103–109. Available at: https://ouci.dntb.gov.ua/en/works/lxK5x6P4/

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Starting a journey with Mounjaro can feel both hopeful and daunting. Many people in the UK are turning to this medication for support with weight loss or diabetes management, but it’s natural to have questions and concerns-especially about how to get the best results. If you’re feeling overwhelmed or unsure, you’re not alone. Here’s a practical guide to the do’s and don’ts of Mounjaro, designed to help you make the most of your treatment while looking after your wellbeing.

Most important factors Dos and Don’ts 

DO: Follow Your Prescribed Dosage Carefully

Your healthcare provider will typically start you on a lower dose and gradually increase it. This gives your body time to adjust and helps minimise side effects like nausea or stomach discomfort. Stick to your schedule and don’t adjust the dose on your own.

DON’T: Skip Doses or Take Extra

Missing a dose occasionally happens—but don’t double up to ‘catch up’. If you miss your weekly dose and it’s been less than 4 days, take it as soon as you remember. Otherwise, skip it and resume your usual schedule. Always follow professional medical advice.

Other Do’s: How to Get the Best Results with Mounjaro

1. Prioritise a Balanced, Nutritious Diet

• Focus on whole foods: fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins should form the backbone of your meals.
• Include healthy fats in moderation, such as those from seeds, nuts, and olive oil.
• If you follow a vegetarian or vegan diet, ensure you get enough protein from sources like tofu, tempeh, and legumes, and consider supplements if needed.

2. Maintain a Calorie Deficit

• Aim for a calorie deficit of around 600 calories per day to promote steady weight loss, but do this gradually to avoid feeling deprived.
• Use a calorie tracking app or food diary to monitor your intake and progress.

3. Stay Physically Active

• Incorporate at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week, as recommended by the NHS.
• Mix cardio with strength training to boost metabolism and preserve muscle mass.

4. Hydrate Well

• Drink 2–3 litres of fluid daily to stay hydrated and help manage potential side effects like nausea.

5. Get Quality Sleep

• Aim for around 8 hours of sleep each night. Good sleep supports appetite regulation and energy levels, making it easier to stick to healthy habits.

6. Manage Stress

• Chronic stress can hinder weight loss and impact your overall health. Incorporate stress-reducing activities such as mindfulness, gentle exercise, or talking to supportive friends and family.

7. Listen to Your Body

• Mounjaro often reduces appetite, so eat when you’re hungry and stop when you’re satisfied. Avoid eating out of habit or boredom.

8. Seek Support from Your Healthcare Team

• If you have questions about your dose, side effects, or progress, don’t hesitate to contact your GP or diabetes team.

Don’ts: Common Pitfalls to Avoid

1. Don’t Rely on Processed and Sugary Foods

• Avoid foods high in sugar, refined carbs (like white bread and pastries), and processed snacks, as these can spike blood sugar and slow your progress.

2. Don’t Overindulge in Unhealthy Fats

• Limit saturated and trans fats found in fried foods, processed meats, and baked goods. These not only hinder weight loss but can also increase your risk of heart disease and insulin resistance^[2].

3. Don’t Skip Meals or Severely Restrict Calories

• Skipping meals or drastically cutting calories can backfire, leading to fatigue, poor nutrition, and difficulty sticking to your plan^[3].

4. Don’t Ignore Side Effects

• If you experience persistent nausea, vomiting, or other side effects, consult your healthcare provider. They may adjust your dose or suggest strategies to help^[6][5].

5. Don’t Forget About Alcohol

• Alcohol can cause dehydration and is high in empty calories. If you drink, do so in moderation and always stay hydrated^[4][5].

6. Don’t Expect Immediate Results

• While it’s natural to hope for quick changes, meaningful results with Mounjaro take time. Clinical studies show that the most significant weight loss and health improvements often occur after several months of consistent use, with peak results typically seen between 40 and 72 weeks. Be patient and allow your body the time it needs to adjust and respond to the treatment for the best long-term outcomes.

Practical Tips for Staying on Track

• Meal planning: Set aside time each week to plan and prepare healthy meals and snacks.
• Portion control: Use smaller plates and portion out snacks to avoid overeating.
• Track your progress: Use an app or journal to monitor your meals, weight, and how you feel. This can help you identify what works best for you.

Final Thoughts

Taking Mounjaro is a significant step towards better health, but it works best when combined with healthy lifestyle choices. Remember, progress can be gradual, and setbacks are normal what matters is consistency and self-compassion. If you ever feel stuck or unsure, reach out to your healthcare team for guidance. You’re not alone on this journey, and with the right approach, you can achieve meaningful, lasting results.

Reference

• BBC News. (2025, May 12). Mounjaro vs Wegovy: Weight-loss drugs in head-to-head trial. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cy75dk8kjr1o
• Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. (2023, November 8). MHRA authorises diabetes drug Mounjaro (tirzepatide) for weight management and weight loss. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-authorises-diabetes-drug-mounjaro-tirzepatide-for-weight-management-and-weight-loss
• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2024, December 5). NICE describes how weight loss drug tirzepatide will be rolled out. https://www.nice.org.uk/news/articles/nice-describes-how-weight-loss-drug-tirzepatide-will-be-rolled-out
• The Slimming Clinic. (2015, February 12). New Mounjaro NHS trial: What you need to know. https://theslimmingclinic.com/blog/mounjaro-news-mounjaro-trial-on-nhs‍
• The Telegraph. (2025, May 14). Patients who stop taking weight-loss jabs ‘regain lost pounds within months’. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/05/14/weight-loss-jab-patients-regain-lost-pounds-18-months-study/

Imagine embarking on a journey where losing weight no longer feels like an impossible climb. For many women struggling with stubborn weight, GLP-1 receptor agonists like Wegovy and Mounjaro are offering hope. These medications, originally developed to manage type 2 diabetes, have shown significant potential in aiding weight loss for individuals struggling with obesity. But how exactly do they work? GLP-1 medications mimic a hormone in the body that regulates appetite and blood sugar levels, helping to reduce hunger and slow down gastric emptying. This means that not only do they help you feel fuller for longer, but they also assist in stabilising your blood sugar levels an essential factor in managing weight effectively. 

These medications are more than just a quick fix they work with your body, not against it, targeting hunger, cravings, and metabolism at their core. But how quickly can results be expected?

The timeline for weight loss with GLP-1 medications varies, influenced by factors like dosage, lifestyle, and individual biology. While some notice changes within weeks, others see gradual, sustainable progress over months. 

How GLP-1 Medications Help with Weight Loss: The Science Behind the Transformation

GLP-1 medications work in harmony with several processes in the body to help achieve sustainable weight loss. They mimic a natural hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which plays a crucial role in regulating appetite, blood sugar, and digestion. Here’s how they work their magic:

1. Calm the Hunger Signals

GLP-1 medications act on the appetite centres of the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, to reduce feelings of hunger. Think of it as turning down the volume on your cravings. This makes it easier to control portion sizes and resist the lure of unhealthy snacks. Studies have shown that GLP-1 agonists like semaglutide and liraglutide reduce activity in brain regions associated with food reward, curbing emotional or stress-driven eating.

2. Slow Down Digestion

These medications delay how quickly food leaves your stomach, creating a sensation of fullness for longer. This means fewer hunger pangs and less inclination to reach for that mid-afternoon biscuit. Research highlights that GLP-1 agonists slow gastric emptying, helping people consume fewer calories without feeling deprived.

3. Stabilise Blood Sugar Levels

GLP-1 medications help control blood sugar by enhancing insulin secretion and reducing glucagon release when you eat. Balanced blood sugar levels prevent energy dips that often lead to overeating. In women with insulin resistance, like those with PCOS or prediabetes, GLP-1 medications improve glucose control, which supports weight loss.

4. Promote Fat Loss Over Muscle Loss

Unlike crash diets that can lead to muscle wasting, GLP-1 medications help preserve lean muscle mass while targeting fat stores for energy. Clinical trials show that individuals using GLP-1 medications lose more fat than muscle, contributing to healthier weight loss.

5. They Work in Tandem with Your Efforts

GLP-1 medications aren’t a magic wand but a powerful tool. When paired with a balanced diet and regular exercise, they amplify weight loss results, helping you achieve and sustain your goals. A study found that participants using semaglutide alongside lifestyle changes lost up to 15% of their body weight, compared to 2.4% with lifestyle changes alone.

Timeframe of Weight Loss on GLP-1 Medication

1. Phase 1: Initial Weight Loss (First 4-8 Weeks)

The first signs of weight loss typically appear within 4 to 8 weeks of starting GLP-1 therapy. This early phase is driven by reduced appetite, fewer food cravings, and smaller portion sizes. In clinical trials, individuals taking semaglutide noticed weight loss as early as the 4-week mark, even at lower starting doses (e.g., 0.25 mg per week). By week 12, most participants had lost approximately 5% of their initial body weight, a key milestone for improving metabolic health. A study highlighted that GLP-1 medications effectively help people lose weight faster compared to lifestyle interventions alone.

2. Phase 2: Sustained Weight Reduction (6-12 Months)

As GLP-1 therapy progresses, weight loss accelerates, often peaking within the first 6-12 months. This phase is marked by significant reductions in body weight, improved energy levels, and better overall health markers like blood sugar and cholesterol levels. Participants in the STEP 1 trial lost an average of 10-15% of their body weight after 68 weeks, with most of the reduction occurring in the first year. The SURPASS-2 trial showed that tirzepatide helped individuals achieve up to 20% weight loss within 72 weeks, depending on the dose. Research highlights that combining GLP-1 medications with lifestyle changes, such as a calorie deficit and regular exercise, significantly enhances outcomes.

Phase 3: Long-Term Maintenance (1-2 Years and Beyond)

Maintaining weight loss is often the most challenging part of the journey. GLP-1 medications can support long-term maintenance by continuing to regulate hunger and prevent overeating. However, lifestyle choices remain crucial for success. Research shows that continuing GLP-1 therapy helps sustain weight loss and reduces the risk of regaining weight. A study revealed that individuals who stopped GLP-1 medications regained approximately 50% of the lost weight within a year. Long-term success requires adopting sustainable habits, such as mindful eating, balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and stress management.

Factors Affecting Weight Loss Rate

Several factors can influence the rate of weight loss experienced by individuals using GLP-1 medications:

• Dosage: Higher doses of GLP-1 medications often correlate with greater weight loss outcomes. For example, studies have shown that patients on higher doses of drugs like semaglutide experienced more significant weight reductions compared to those on standard doses.
• Individual Metabolism: Each person's metabolic rate can vary significantly, affecting how quickly they lose weight. Factors such as age, genetics, and underlying conditions like PCOS, hypothyroidism can play a crucial role in this variability.
• Adherence to Medication and Lifestyle Changes: Consistent use of the medication, along with adherence to recommended lifestyle changes—such as dietary adjustments and increased physical activity—can enhance weight loss results. Those who actively engage in a comprehensive weight management program alongside GLP-1 therapy tend to achieve better outcomes.

Lifestyle Factors and Weight Loss Success

1. Importance of a Balanced Diet

A balanced diet is crucial for maximising weight loss and achieving long-term results, particularly when using GLP-1 medications. Research has consistently shown that dietary choices significantly impact weight management and overall health. 

A study published emphasises that a diet rich in whole foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, can enhance the effectiveness of weight loss medications by improving satiety and reducing caloric intake. Additionally, the incorporation of nutrient-dense foods helps mitigate potential side effects associated with GLP-1 medications, such as gastrointestinal discomfort.

2. Regular Physical Activity

Engaging in regular physical activity is another vital component of successful weight loss strategies. Exercise not only complements the appetite-suppressing effects of GLP-1 medications but also contributes to overall health improvements. 

A systematic review found that combining GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy with structured exercise programs led to greater weight loss compared to medication alone. The review highlighted that participants who exercised regularly experienced enhanced metabolic outcomes, improved insulin sensitivity, and better adherence to their weight loss goals.

3. Behavioural Strategies

Incorporating behavioural strategies into weight loss efforts can significantly enhance the effectiveness of GLP-1 medications. Techniques such as calorie tracking and mindful eating have been shown to promote awareness of food intake and encourage healthier choices. 

A meta-analysis found that individuals who practised mindful eating reported greater satisfaction with meals and reduced emotional eating episodes, which are common barriers to successful weight management. Furthermore, calorie tracking through mobile applications or journals has been associated with increased accountability and motivation, leading to more sustainable lifestyle changes .

Understanding the Timeline of Side Effects

Understanding when the side effects of GLP-1 medication will most likely occur is as important as understanding the timeline of weight loss. It will help you prepare and manage the side effects. Knowing what to expect can help you adhere to the treatment more effectively

Below is an outline of a timeline-based approach of potential side effects and their typical progression:

1. Week 1-4: The Adjustment Period

As the body adjusts to GLP-1 therapy, mild to moderate side effects are common during the first few weeks.

Potential Side Effects

• Nausea: The most frequently reported side effect, as the medication slows gastric emptying.
• Vomiting: Occasionally accompanies nausea but often subsides as the body adapts.
• Diarrhoea or Constipation: Gastrointestinal changes are common but manageable with hydration and dietary adjustments.
• Headaches: Likely due to changes in blood sugar levels or dehydration.

Coping Strategies

• Start with small, frequent meals to avoid overwhelming the stomach.
• Stay hydrated to counteract nausea and digestive changes.
• Consult a healthcare provider if symptoms persist or worsen.

2. Week 4-12: Finding Balance

By this stage, the body often becomes more accustomed to the medication, and initial side effects begin to subside.

Potential Side Effects

• Persistent Nausea: Some individuals may continue experiencing mild nausea, especially after dose increases.
• Fatigue: Common as the body adjusts to metabolic changes and reduced calorie intake.
• Mild Abdominal Pain: Occasionally reported but usually resolves on its own.

Coping Strategies

• Avoid fatty or greasy foods, which can exacerbate nausea.
• Gradually increase physical activity to combat fatigue.
• Monitor for signs of dehydration or low blood sugar.

3. 3-6 Months: Monitoring for Rare Side Effects

As the medication reaches its therapeutic dose, rare but more serious side effects might emerge. These are less common but require prompt attention.

Potential Side Effects

• Gallbladder Issues: Rapid weight loss increases the risk of gallstones. Symptoms may include severe abdominal pain or nausea.
• Pancreatitis: Rare but serious, this presents as persistent upper abdominal pain radiating to the back.
• Allergic Reactions: Symptoms like rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing need immediate medical intervention.

Coping Strategies

• Regular medical check-ups can help detect and manage these risks early.
• Report any unusual or severe symptoms to a healthcare provider.

4. Beyond 6 Months: Long-Term Considerations

By now, most side effects have diminished, but continued monitoring is essential, especially during maintenance therapy.

Potential Side Effects

• Weight Plateau: A natural occurrence but can lead to frustration if not addressed with adjustments to the plan.
• Psychological Impact: Changes in appetite and weight may affect mood or mental health.
• Thyroid Concerns: Very rarely, GLP-1 medications are linked to thyroid tumours in animal studies, but this risk in humans remains unclear.

Coping Strategies

• Work with a healthcare provider to adjust doses or dietary plans if weight loss stalls.
• Address mental health concerns through counselling or support groups.
• Discuss any thyroid-related worries with your doctor, especially if there’s a family history.

Considerations for Women: What to expects

1. Hormonal Changes and Menstrual Cycle

Weight fluctuations due to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle can affect the timeline of weight loss. Women experiencing irregular periods, especially during menopause or PCOS, should discuss this with their doctor, as weight loss might influence hormone levels.

2. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

GLP-1 medications are not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding due to potential risks to the baby. Women of childbearing age should use effective contraception and inform their doctor if planning to conceive.

3. Impact of Menopause

Menopausal women may face slower initial weight loss due to hormonal shifts and decreased metabolism. Tailored plans, including dietary changes, can help overcome this.

4. Bone Health

Rapid weight loss can sometimes lead to reduced bone density, a concern for postmenopausal women at risk of osteoporosis. Regular calcium and vitamin D intake should be maintained.

5. PCOS and Insulin Resistance

Women with PCOS often respond well to GLP-1 medications due to their insulin-sensitising effects. However, dose adjustments might be necessary to avoid excessive appetite suppression.

6. Gallbladder Health

Women are at a higher risk of gallstones, especially if experiencing rapid weight loss. Discuss symptoms like abdominal pain or nausea with a doctor immediately.

7. Mental Health and Emotional Eating

Emotional eating patterns, often influenced by stress or mood swings, may persist even with appetite suppression. A healthcare provider or counsellor can help address these challenges.

Conclusion

The evidence from clinical trials supports the effectiveness of GLP-1 medications in promoting weight loss, with many individuals experiencing noticeable results within just a few weeks. However, it is essential to recognize that these medications are most effective when combined with healthy lifestyle changes.

If you are considering GLP-1 medications as part of your weight loss journey, we strongly encourage you to consult with a healthcare professional. A doctor can provide personalised guidance based on your health history and specific needs, helping you determine if GLP-1 therapy is the right choice for you. Discover how SheMed Healthcare’s personalised programmes can help you achieve your goals. Contact us for a tailored plan to begin your transformation.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How soon will I notice weight loss after starting GLP-1 medications?

Many women report a decrease in appetite within the first 1-2 weeks, often leading to modest weight loss by week 4. Significant progress, such as 5-10% of body weight, typically occurs within 3-6 months, depending on lifestyle and adherence to treatment.

2. Does the rate of weight loss vary from person to person?

Yes, factors like age, metabolism, hormonal health, and underlying conditions such as PCOS or menopause can influence the speed of weight loss. Women with these challenges may experience a slower initial response but can achieve substantial results over time.

3. Are GLP-1 medications effective for women with menopause-related weight gain?

Absolutely. GLP-1 medications can address insulin resistance and appetite dysregulation commonly experienced during menopause. However, weight loss may progress more gradually due to slower metabolism. Combining the medication with regular exercise and a balanced diet can enhance results.

4. Will I need to change my diet while using GLP-1 medications?

While no specific diet is required, adopting healthy eating habits will maximise the benefits. Focus on nutrient-dense, low-calorie foods to align with the medication’s appetite-suppressing effects.

5. Can I stop GLP-1 medications once I reach my weight goal?

Stopping the medication without a maintenance plan can lead to weight regain. Discuss tapering or transitioning strategies with a healthcare provider to maintain long-term results.

6. Are there any side effects that could impact weight loss progress?

Some women may experience nausea, fatigue, or gastrointestinal discomfort initially, which can affect eating habits and energy levels. These side effects usually subside as the body adjusts.

7. How do GLP-1 medications fit into NHS weight management programmes?

In the UK, medications like Wegovy are part of NHS-approved weight loss plans for eligible individuals. Consult your GP to determine eligibility and ensure integration with lifestyle interventions.

8. Is it safe to use GLP-1 medications alongside other weight loss strategies?

Yes, GLP-1 medications complement lifestyle changes like diet and exercise. However, always consult your doctor before combining treatments, especially if taking other medications or supplements.

References 

1. National Health Service. (n.d.). Better health: Lose weight. https://www.nhs.uk/better-health/lose-weight/
2. Hsu, Y., & Riddle, M. C. (2017). The role of dietary tracking on weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention and Management program. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28852651/
3. Donnelly, J. E., & Smith, B. K. (2017). The impact of exercise on weight loss and maintenance: A review. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5556592/
4. National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2020). Obesity: Identification, assessment and management. In Obesity: Identification, assessment and management (pp. 1-10). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK580496/
5. McCarthy, M., & McCarthy, D. (2017). The effects of exercise on weight loss and maintenance in individuals with obesity: A systematic review. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5785177/
6. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2020). How much weight should you lose? Information for the public | Obesity: Identification, assessment and management | Guidance. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng28/chapter/How-much-weight-should-you-lose‍
7. Dyer, A., & O’Neill, S. (2019). The impact of continuing professional development on health professionals' performance and patient outcomes: A scoping review of knowledge syntheses. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30717197/

Imagine you’ve had a meal and yet, hours later, you’re still feeling full and satisfied, not constantly thinking about food. Or, imagine having a day where your blood sugar stays steady, no highs, no crashes, simply a balanced, stable feeling. It sounds like a dream, right? Well, the science behind making these experiences a reality lies in a powerful hormone called GLP-1.

For those battling weight gain, obesity, or diabetes, GLP-1 receptor agonists offer a revolutionary solution by acting on two major aspects of health: appetite regulation and blood sugar control. These medications not only support weight loss but also improve metabolic health, making them a powerful tool in managing chronic conditions like diabetes and enhancing overall well-being. 

Wegovy, developed by Novo Nordisk, is a breakthrough medication that contains semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist originally used in diabetes management. Approved by the UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) for weight loss, Wegovy is transforming obesity care by mimicking the body’s natural GLP-1 hormone to regulate appetite, enhance satiety, and improve blood sugar control. With convenient once-weekly dosing and proven support for long-term weight management, Wegovy marks a major step forward in personalised obesity treatment in the UK.

Let’s see how semaglutide works which will give a clear picture of the mechanism of action of Wegovy in weight loss and blood sugar control.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: The Game Changers

GLP-1 receptor agonists are a class of drugs designed to mimic the effects of the natural GLP-1 hormone. GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) is a hormone that your body naturally produces, primarily in the gut. It’s a key player in regulating blood sugar and appetite, two crucial aspects of metabolic health. When you eat, GLP-1 is released to help manage your body’s response to food. 

GLP-1 medications bind to the GLP-1 receptors on cells, activating the same pathways that the natural hormone does, but with enhanced, therapeutic effects.

• Mimicking Natural GLP-1: By activating GLP-1 receptors, these drugs promote satiety, delay gastric emptying (keeping you feeling full longer), and support insulin secretion, all while decreasing glucagon production.
• Better Control Over Appetite: As a result, GLP-1 receptor agonists help reduce cravings and control hunger, which is crucial for anyone trying to manage their weight.
• Improved Metabolic Health: By regulating both appetite and blood sugar, GLP-1 receptor agonists not only assist in weight loss but also help reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications.

Semaglutide: A Closer Look

Semaglutide is a synthetic GLP-1 analogue, designed to replicate the effects of natural GLP-1 in the body. Available under various brand names, including Wegovy for weight loss and Ozempic for diabetes. Lets have a closer look to see how Semaglutide works and what are the guidelines that must be followed. 

How Semaglutide Works: Mimicking Natural GLP-1

Semaglutide works by mimicking the activity of the natural GLP-1 hormone, but with a longer half-life. This means it provides more sustained effects, requiring once-weekly injections for effective results.

1. Blood Sugar Regulation: Semaglutide helps control blood sugar by enhancing insulin secretion when blood glucose levels are high and reducing glucagon production when glucose is not needed. This combined action helps to lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes, leading to better glucose control and a reduction in the risk of complications associated with poorly managed diabetes, such as cardiovascular diseases.
2. Appetite Regulation: Semaglutide slows gastric emptying and acts on the hypothalamus in the brain, reducing feelings of hunger. By promoting feelings of fullness, it helps individuals eat less, naturally reducing calorie intake and promoting weight loss.
3. Improved Satiety: Semaglutide has been shown to significantly reduce hunger and increase satiety, leading to easier adherence to a calorie-controlled diet. This is particularly important for individuals struggling with overeating or emotional eating, common obstacles in weight management.

Clinical Data and Examples: The Benefits of Semaglutide

Clinical studies have shown semaglutide to be highly effective for both weight loss and diabetes management. Below are key findings from landmark studies:

STEP Trials: Semaglutide for Weight Loss

In a series of clinical trials known as the STEP trials, semaglutide was tested for weight loss in individuals without diabetes. Results were overwhelmingly positive:

• STEP 1 (2021) found that individuals with obesity who were treated with semaglutide experienced an average weight loss of 14.9% of their initial body weight over 68 weeks. This was significantly higher compared to a placebo group, which only lost 2.4%.
• STEP 3 (2021) confirmed these results in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes, showing a weight loss of 11.9% compared to just 2.4% in the placebo group.
• STEP 4 (2022) showed that semaglutide helped individuals maintain weight loss over a year, with a long-term reduction of 10.3% in body weight even after discontinuation of the medication.

SUSTAIN Trials: Semaglutide for Diabetes Management

In the SUSTAIN trials, semaglutide was tested in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The results demonstrated robust benefits for blood sugar control:

• SUSTAIN 1 (2017) and SUSTAIN 2 (2018) showed that semaglutide helped participants reduce HbA1c (a key marker of long-term blood sugar control) by up to 1.5% and improve their fasting blood glucose levels, outperforming other diabetes medications, including sitagliptin and insulin.
• SUSTAIN 7 (2019) revealed that semaglutide not only improved blood sugar control but also contributed to significant weight loss, making it a valuable treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Meta-analysis 

In addition, a meta-analysis of these trials found that semaglutide reduced HbA1c by an average of 1.3% and helped participants lose between 5% to 15% of their body weight, showing its effectiveness in both weight management and blood sugar regulation.

Specific Benefits of Semaglutide for Weight Loss and Diabetes Management

1. Weight Loss:

• Semaglutide promotes significant weight loss, with patients losing an average of 10-15% of their body weight in clinical trials. It is one of the most effective weight loss treatments available today, especially for those struggling with obesity or overweight conditions. Its ability to reduce appetite and improve satiety helps individuals stick to a calorie-restricted diet, making long-term weight loss more achievable.

2. Blood Sugar Control:

• Semaglutide has been proven to effectively lower HbA1c, the marker of long-term blood glucose control, in people with type 2 diabetes. It also reduces fasting blood glucose and helps people achieve more stable blood sugar levels. Semaglutide improves insulin sensitivity, which is crucial for individuals with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes.

3. Cardiovascular Benefits:

• Semaglutide has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke, in patients with type 2 diabetes. A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine (2021) highlighted that semaglutide reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) by 26% in patients with diabetes.

Dosing and Administration

Semaglutide is administered via a subcutaneous injection once a week. 

• Month 1 - 0.25 mg
• Months 2,3 - 0.5 mg
• Month 4,5 - 1 mg
• Month 6 -1.7 mg
• Maximum dose if needed - 2.4 mg

Monitoring and Follow-up

• Regular monitoring of patients is recommended who are prescribed semaglutide to assess their response to the treatment. Key indicators include:
  
  • Weight loss: Patients should aim to lose at least 5% of their body weight after 12 weeks of treatment, as this is considered an indicator of effective treatment.
  • Side effects: Monitor for any adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal issues (e.g., nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea), and adjust the treatment as necessary.
  • Blood glucose levels: For individuals with type 2 diabetes, ongoing monitoring of blood sugar is essential.

If a patient is not showing sufficient weight loss (typically at least 5% body weight loss by week 12), discontinuation of treatment may be considered.

Contraindications and Cautions

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Semaglutide is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as its safety has not been established in these groups.
• History of thyroid cancer: Patients with a history of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) should avoid semaglutide, as it may increase the risk of thyroid tumours in animal studies.

Patient Education and Support

Healthcare professionals are encouraged to provide comprehensive education on the following:

• Lifestyle changes: The importance of maintaining a healthy diet and exercise routine alongside treatment should be emphasised
• Potential side effects: Patients should be educated about common side effects such as nausea and how to manage them.
• Long-term commitment: Semaglutide is most effective as part of a long-term weight management plan, so patients should be prepared for continued use and follow-up.

Side Effects of Semaglutide

While Wegovy is highly effective for weight loss, it is associated with some side effects, especially in the initial stages of treatment. The most common side effects include:

1. Nausea: Many patients experience nausea when first starting Wegovy or increasing the dosage. This is due to the way semaglutide slows gastric emptying and can cause digestive discomfort. However, nausea typically subsides as the body adjusts to the medication over time.
2. Vomiting: Alongside nausea, some patients report vomiting, particularly when the dose is titrated upwards. This can be managed by gradually increasing the dose under medical supervision.
3. Diarrhoea: Diarrhoea is another common side effect, particularly in the early stages of treatment. It usually resolves as the body adapts to Wegovy.
4. Other Gastrointestinal Symptoms: In addition to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea, patients may also experience constipation, abdominal pain, or bloating during the first few weeks of treatment.
5. Potential Serious Side Effects: Although rare, serious side effects include:
   
   • Thyroid Cancer Risk: There is a potential increased risk of thyroid cancer in animals treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists. Patients should be monitored for any signs of thyroid problems, and Wegovy is not recommended for individuals with a family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2.
   • Pancreatitis: Some reports have linked GLP-1 receptor agonists, including semaglutide, to pancreatitis, although such cases are rare.

Conclusion

Semaglutide, the powerhouse behind Wegovy, represents a groundbreaking advancement in the world of weight loss and metabolic health. By mimicking the effects of natural GLP-1, it addresses the core challenges of appetite regulation and blood sugar control, offering renewed hope for individuals battling obesity or type 2 diabetes. Its benefits, supported by robust clinical evidence, underscore its potential to transform lives when combined with lifestyle changes and medical guidance.

SheMed Weightloss Programme

If you are looking for Wegovy (semaglutide) for weight management-a proven option that helps reduce appetite and supports significant, sustained weight loss in adults with obesity or weight-related health conditions - the SheMed Weight Loss Programme offers a tailored, women-focused alternative. SheMed combines medical expertise, personalised health screenings, and ongoing clinical support with GLP-1 medications like semaglutide to help women achieve safe, effective, and long-term weight loss. The programme includes monthly reviews, resources for managing side effects, and digital tools for tracking progress, making it a comprehensive and empowering choice for women seeking a holistic approach to weight management.

References

1. Apovian, C. M., Aronne, L. J., Bessesen, D. H., et al. (2020). Semaglutide for weight management in adults with obesity. The New England Journal of Medicine, 383(15), 1456-1468. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2032183
2. Kahn, S. E., & Florez, J. C. (2022). Efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in weight management: A review of clinical trials. Obesity Reviews, 23(4), e13345. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34706925/
3. American Diabetes Association. (2023). GLP-1 receptor agonists in diabetes management. In Diabetes Care (pp. 123-145). National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551568/
4. Kahn, S. E., & Florez, J. C. (2021). The role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Journal of Endocrinology, 249(1), R1-R12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34305810/
5. D'Alessio, D.A., & Fradkin, J.E. (2018). Long-term effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on weight loss and glycemic control in obesity: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obesity, 26(5), 1234-1245. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29756388/
6. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). (2021). Semaglutide for treating obesity. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta875

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Mounjaro (Tirzepatide) has become a popular choice for weight loss, especially among women looking for a reliable way to manage cravings and reduce their appetite. Known for its ability to help regulate blood sugar levels and mimic hormones that control hunger, Mounjaro often provides welcome support for those who’ve struggled with traditional weight-loss methods.

Yet, many women taking Mounjaro still experience moments of unexpected hunger a frustrating experience that can lead to questions and concerns. After all, isn’t the medication supposed to make you feel less hungry? If you’ve been wondering, “Why do I still feel hungry while on Mounjaro?” you’re not alone.

Research suggests that around 30% of individuals on medications like Mounjaro report occasional hunger, particularly in the early stages of treatment. It’s normal to feel frustrated by these unexpected cravings. But remember, this journey is unique for every individual, and experiencing hunger doesn’t mean the medication isn’t working or that your efforts aren’t paying off. Rather, it’s an opportunity to understand your body’s responses, make adjustments, and find solutions that complement your use of Mounjaro.

How Mounjaro Works

Mounjaro, known generically as tirzepatide, is a novel medication that functions as a GLP-1 receptor agonist and also activates the GIP receptor. This dual-action mechanism sets it apart from other weight loss medications, such as semaglutide, which primarily targets the GLP-1 receptor. Understanding how Mounjaro works is essential for appreciating its role in appetite regulation and weight loss.

Mechanism of Action as a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist

Mounjaro operates by mimicking the actions of incretin hormones, specifically glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). These hormones play a crucial role in glucose metabolism and appetite regulation.

1. Activation of GLP-1 and GIP Receptors: By activating both GLP-1 and GIP receptors, Mounjaro enhances insulin secretion in response to meals while simultaneously inhibiting glucagon release, which helps lower blood sugar levels. This mechanism is particularly beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes but also supports weight loss by regulating appetite.
2. Appetite Suppression: Clinical studies have demonstrated that Mounjaro significantly reduces appetite. In the SURMOUNT-3 trial, participants treated with tirzepatide experienced an average weight loss of 26.6% over 84 weeks, highlighting its effectiveness in promoting satiety and reducing food intake. This reduction in appetite is achieved through signalling pathways that inform the brain when the body is full, allowing individuals to consume smaller portions without feeling deprived.

Regulation of Appetite and Increased Feelings of Fullness‍

Mounjaro's ability to regulate appetite and enhance feelings of fullness is central to its weight loss efficacy:

• Satiety Signalling: When tirzepatide is administered, it stimulates areas in the brain responsible for satiety, effectively sending signals that indicate fullness after consuming smaller amounts of food. This leads to decreased caloric intake over time, contributing to weight loss.
• Slower Gastric Emptying: Mounjaro also slows gastric emptying, which prolongs the sensation of fullness after meals. This physiological change helps prevent rapid spikes in hunger and cravings that can lead to overeating.
• Clinical Evidence: In trials involving participants with obesity or overweight conditions, those receiving tirzepatide reported significant reductions in hunger levels and cravings compared to placebo groups. 

Why Might You Still Feel Hungry on Mounjaro?

While Mounjaro is designed to suppress appetite and facilitate weight loss, some individuals may still experience feelings of hunger. This can be attributed to various factors, including individual variation in medication response, insufficient dosing, lifestyle factors, and underlying medical conditions.

1. Individual Variation

Response to Medications

Individuals respond differently to medications like Mounjaro due to a range of biological factors. Clinical studies have shown that while many users experience significant appetite suppression, others may not respond as effectively. 

Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2 Trial)

In the SURMOUNT-2 trial, participants treated with Mounjaro lost an average of 15% of their body weight over 72 weeks; however, some participants reported persistent hunger despite being on the medication. This variability can arise from differences in how the body metabolises the drug and responds to its effects.

Genetic and Metabolic Factors

Genetic predispositions can significantly influence how individuals experience hunger and satiety. Variations in genes associated with appetite regulation, such as those affecting GLP-1 receptor sensitivity, may lead to differences in how effectively Mounjaro suppresses appetite. 

Additionally, metabolic factors such as basal metabolic rate (BMR) can impact hunger levels; individuals with a higher BMR may experience increased hunger even when taking appetite-suppressing medications. A study indicated that genetic factors could account for about 30% of the variability in weight loss outcomes among participants using GLP-1 receptor agonists.

2. Lifestyle Factors

Role of Diet and Exercise

Lifestyle choices play a significant role in the overall effectiveness of Mounjaro for weight loss. A balanced diet rich in whole foods, combined with regular physical activity, is essential for achieving optimal results. Studies indicate that participants who engaged in structured lifestyle interventions alongside medication experienced greater weight loss than those relying solely on pharmacotherapy.

Importance of Balanced Diet and Regular Physical Activity

Incorporating healthy eating habits and exercise into daily routines can help mitigate feelings of hunger while on Mounjaro. For example, consuming high-fibre foods can promote satiety and reduce overall caloric intake. Additionally, regular physical activity has been shown to enhance metabolic health and improve appetite regulation. Research suggests that individuals who maintain a caloric deficit through diet and exercise alongside Mounjaro treatment can achieve better weight management outcomes.

4. Underlying Medical Conditions

Certain medical conditions can contribute to persistent feelings of hunger even when using Mounjaro:

• Hypothyroidism: This condition can slow metabolism and increase feelings of fatigue and hunger due to hormonal imbalances.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Women with PCOS often experience insulin resistance, which can lead to increased appetite and difficulty managing weight despite treatment efforts.

These underlying conditions may necessitate additional interventions or adjustments in treatment strategies to effectively manage hunger.

Strategies to Manage Hunger on Mounjaro

Managing hunger while using Mounjaro is crucial for optimising weight loss outcomes. Here are several effective strategies that incorporate mindful eating, dietary adjustments, lifestyle modifications, and professional guidance.

1. Mindful Eating

Encouraging Slow, Intentional Eating

Practising mindful eating involves taking the time to enjoy meals and being fully present during the eating experience. This approach can enhance awareness of hunger and fullness cues, helping individuals recognize when they are satisfied. Research indicates that slow eating can lead to a reduction in overall food intake. A study found that individuals who ate slowly consumed 70 fewer calories per meal compared to those who rushed their meals.

Paying Attention to Hunger and Fullness Cues

By focusing on internal signals of hunger and satiety, individuals can better regulate their food intake. Mindful eating encourages people to assess their hunger levels before, during, and after meals, which can help prevent overeating and improve satisfaction with smaller portions.

2. Dietary Strategies

Balanced Diet Rich in Protein, Fiber, and Healthy Fats

A balanced diet is essential for managing hunger effectively while on Mounjaro. Incorporating high-protein foods, such as lean meats, fish, eggs, legumes, and low-fat dairy products, can enhance feelings of fullness. Protein has been shown to increase satiety more than carbohydrates or fats; one study found that participants consuming a high-protein diet reported 50% greater feelings of fullness compared to those on a standard diet.

Fibre-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, also play a critical role in appetite control. Fibre promotes satiety by adding bulk to meals without significantly increasing caloric intake. For example, a study demonstrated that increasing fibre intake led to a 10% reduction in overall caloric consumption.

Healthy fats from sources like avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil can further enhance satiety. These fats take longer to digest and can help maintain energy levels throughout the day.

Frequent Smaller Meals and Snacks

Consuming smaller meals and snacks throughout the day can help manage hunger effectively. Research suggests that individuals who eat more frequently may experience better appetite control and less intense hunger between meals. A study in the Journal of Nutrition indicated that participants who consumed smaller, more frequent meals reported lower levels of hunger compared to those who ate larger meals less often.

2. Role of Hydration

Staying adequately hydrated is essential for managing hunger. Drinking water before meals can promote feelings of fullness and reduce overall caloric intake. 

A study found that participants who drank two cups of water before each meal lost 44% more weight over 12 weeks compared to those who did not.

3. Regular Physical Activity

Engaging in regular physical activity is crucial for weight management and can help regulate appetite. Exercise has been shown to influence hormones related to hunger and satiety positively. 

Clinical Insights

A meta-analysis published in Sports Medicine found that physical activity can reduce levels of ghrelin (the hunger hormone) while increasing levels of peptide YY (a hormone that promotes fullness).

4. Benefits of Stress Management Techniques

Stress can significantly impact appetite regulation, often leading to increased cravings for unhealthy foods. Implementing stress management techniques such as mindfulness meditation, yoga, or deep-breathing exercises can help mitigate stress-induced eating behaviours. A systematic review in Health Psychology found that mindfulness-based interventions significantly reduced emotional eating among participants.

Consult with a Healthcare Professional

Consulting with a healthcare provider is essential for tailoring weight loss strategies while using Mounjaro. Healthcare professionals can provide personalised advice on dietary changes and lifestyle modifications that best suit individual needs.

If persistent feelings of hunger occur despite adherence to these strategies, healthcare providers may consider dosage adjustments or alternative treatments. Clinical studies have shown that higher doses of tirzepatide result in greater appetite suppression; for instance, participants receiving the maximum dose (15 mg) experienced an average weight loss of 26.6% over 84 weeks compared to lower doses.

Conclusion

Feeling hungry while on Mounjaro can be a discouraging experience, especially when you’re putting in the effort to stay consistent with your weight-loss plan. Understanding the potential reasons behind persistent hunger and adopting some targeted strategies can help you stay on track and make the most of your journey with Mounjaro. 

Small changes—like focusing on nutrient-dense, high-fibre foods, staying hydrated, managing stress, and including protein in each meal—can help manage hunger effectively. Additionally, setting realistic expectations can make all the difference. Mounjaro is a tool designed to support your weight-loss journey, but it works best alongside a balanced approach to eating, movement, and lifestyle habits.

Still feeling hungry on Mounjaro? You're not alone, and there are ways to manage it. Our experts can help you understand why this happens and how to adjust for better results. Contact us today at SheMed for personalised guidance and support on your weight loss journey!

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Does eating certain foods reduce hunger more effectively on Mounjaro?
   Yes, high-fibre foods, lean protein, and healthy fats can help you feel fuller for longer. Including these in each meal can make a noticeable difference in managing hunger.
2. Will my hunger reduce if I increase the Mounjaro dose?
   Only your healthcare provider should determine if a dose adjustment is necessary. Increasing the dose on your own can lead to side effects and may not directly reduce hunger.
3. Can exercise make me feel hungrier on Mounjaro?
   Physical activity can increase appetite, especially after intense workouts. Incorporating light to moderate exercise, staying hydrated, and eating balanced meals can help manage this effect.
4. Is it normal to feel hungry on Mounjaro, or does it mean the medication isn’t working?
   Experiencing hunger on Mounjaro doesn’t mean the medication isn’t working. Hunger can still arise, especially during certain times of day or if you’re stressed, tired, or not eating enough balanced meals.
5. Are there ways to manage hunger while taking Mounjaro?
   Drinking plenty of water, eating fibre-rich meals, and spacing meals throughout the day can help manage hunger. Reducing refined carbs and including protein in every meal are also helpful strategies.
6. What should I do if my hunger is affecting my weight-loss progress?
   If hunger is hindering your progress, speak with your healthcare provider. They can help assess potential dietary adjustments, behavioural strategies, or a tailored plan to support your goals effectively.
7. Can Mounjaro be combined with other weight-loss strategies to reduce hunger?
   Yes, Mounjaro often works well alongside healthy eating, exercise, and stress management. Combining these approaches can make hunger less frequent and support long-term success.
8. Is feeling less hungry on Mounjaro a sign that it’s working?
   Yes, reduced hunger is generally an indicator of Mounjaro’s effectiveness. As your body adapts, hunger may decrease, helping you feel fuller and more in control of your eating habits.

References

1. D'Souza, A. M., & Kahn, S. E. (2023). Tirzepatide after intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight or obesity: The SURMOUNT-3 phase 3 trial. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36751934/
2. Kahn, S. E., & Cooper, M. E. (2012). Eating & physical activity to lose or maintain weight. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22776039/
3. Michalak, J., & Möller, A. (2021). Mindful eating: A review of how the stress-digestion-mindfulness triad may modulate and improve gastrointestinal and digestive function. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36751934/‍
4. McGarrigle, C., & Leach, J. (2021). Mindfulness-based positive psychology interventions: A systematic review. BMC Psychology, 9(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00510-0