The battle for weight loss is often perceived as a simple equation of calories in versus calories out. Yet, for millions, the struggle is not fought in the stomach, but in the mind. It's the relentless, intrusive thoughts of high-calorie foods, the psychological cravings that can derail the most disciplined efforts, leaving individuals feeling defeated. This internal battle highlights a crucial truth: lasting weight management requires more than just managing physical hunger; it demands a way to address the powerful, reward-driven urges wired into our brains. Into this complex landscape enters Mounjaro (Tirzepatide), a revolutionary medication known for producing profound weight loss.
As a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, its metabolic effects are well-documented. However, the sheer scale of its success has led scientists to believe its mechanism runs deeper than the gut. A groundbreaking study, employing the powerful lens of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), has for the first time directly visualised and quantified Tirzepatide’s action on the brain's reward circuitry.
These pioneering studies provide visual proof of what many users have anecdotally reported: the drug fundamentally quiets the brain's craving centres, making high-calorie, hyper-palatable foods simply less desirable. This article will explore this neurological breakthrough, delving into the fMRI findings that reveal how Tirzepatide modulates the brain's reward pathways.
To understand Mounjaro's effect on the brain, we must first appreciate its unique dual-action mechanism, which sets it apart from previous weight-loss medications. While its predecessor GLP-1 agonists primarily targeted a single pathway, Tirzepatide leverages two distinct but complementary hormonal systems, creating a synergistic effect that extends from the gut to the central nervous system.
The role of GLP-1 in weight management is well-established. When we eat, GLP-1 is released from the gut and performs several crucial functions:
Mounjaro’s unique advantage is the addition of the GIP receptor agonist. GIP is another incretin hormone that, when combined with GLP-1, appears to enhance these effects on glucose control and energy balance. Seminal clinical trials, such as the SURMOUNT-1 study published in The New England Journal of Medicine, demonstrated that this dual agonism leads to substantially greater weight loss than GLP-1 agonists alone.
While these gut-based mechanisms are significant, they don't fully explain the profound changes in eating behaviour and the reduction in "food noise" that patients report. The real breakthrough lies in how these peptides interact with the Central Nervous System (CNS). Both GLP-1 and GIP receptors are found in key areas of the brain that regulate appetite, reward, and energy homeostasis, including the hypothalamus and brainstem.
The working hypothesis among researchers has long been that for a drug to so effectively alter deep-seated eating behaviours, it must be acting directly on the brain's complex wiring. The gut-brain axis is a constant, bidirectional communication highway. Tirzepatide appears to leverage this highway to send powerful signals that don't just say "you're full," but also "that high-calorie food is not as rewarding as you remember." The central nervous system regulates eating behaviour through two parallel, yet interconnected, pathways:
In a modern obesogenic environment, flooded with hyperpalatable foods, the hedonic pathway can overpower the homeostatic system. This dysregulation is a core component of what some term "food addiction," where compulsive eating behaviours mirror the neuroadaptations seen in substance use disorders.
The hypothesis was clear: Tirzepatide must be crossing the blood-brain barrier and acting directly on GIP and GLP-1 receptors densely located within these reward centres. By modulating this circuitry, it could theoretically reduce the rewarding value of food, thereby decreasing cravings and hedonic eating. The fMRI study was designed to test this hypothesis directly, moving from inference to visual proof.
The recent pioneering study, emerging from a leading academic medical centre, represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of obesity pharmacotherapy. It moves the conversation from what Tirzepatide does to how it does it inside the living human brain.
The study employed a rigorous, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, the gold standard in clinical research.
The results were striking and statistically significant, providing the first direct visual evidence of Tirzepatide's central action.
The implications of this research extend far beyond confirming a mechanism of action. They reframe the very nature of obesity treatment and open new doors for addressing a core pathological driver of the disease.
This research provides a biological basis for a long-observed clinical phenomenon. It solidifies the distinction between:
Traditional diets primarily address homeostatic hunger by imposing calorie restrictions. They fight against the body's energy-balance system, which often fights back with increased hunger and reduced metabolism. Medications that only enhance satiety provide a valuable tool but may leave the powerful driver of hedonic eating untouched.
Tirzepatide, as evidenced by the fMRI data, uniquely targets both systems. It promotes satiety and suppresses the reward value of food. This dual-pronged attack explains its superior efficacy. Patients are not just feeling full; they are being freed from the relentless pull of cravings, making adherence to a healthier dietary pattern less of a conscious struggle and more of a natural outcome of their altered neurobiology.
The findings place Tirzepatide at the forefront of a new approach to severe, compulsive eating behaviours. The neural circuitry dampened by the drug, the nucleus accumbens, OFC, and amygdala, is the very same circuitry hyper-activated in substance use disorders and implicated in behavioural addictions.
This positions GLP-1/GIP agonists not merely as weight-loss drugs, but as potential neuromodulators for reward-system disorders. While the term "food addiction" remains a subject of ongoing research and debate, the ability of Tirzepatide to target its core neurocircuitry is undeniable and represents a monumental leap forward.
Understanding the neurological underpinnings of Mounjaro's success provides both practical insights for current users and exciting directions for future scientific discovery. This new knowledge helps set realistic expectations and paves the way for the next generation of therapies.
For patients considering or currently using Mounjaro/Zepbound, and for the clinicians prescribing it, this research provides a scientific explanation for a commonly reported experience:
This fMRI study is not an endpoint but a starting point for a new era of neuro-metabolic research.
The advent of fMRI technology has allowed us to peer inside the living brain and witness a pharmacological revolution in real-time. The evidence is now clear: Mounjaro exerts a significant part of its profound weight-loss effect by directly modulating the brain's fundamental reward circuitry. It successfully quiets the ventral striatum and related regions, reducing the hedonic impact of high-calorie food cues and transforming the psychological experience of eating from one of compulsive craving to one of controlled choice. This breakthrough firmly establishes obesity as a disorder involving a dysregulation of both metabolic and reward systems. By providing the first objective measurement of this neurological mechanism, the study elevates Tirzepatide from a mere metabolic agent to a neuromodulatory tool. It offers a new, evidence-based hope for millions for whom the struggle with weight has been a relentless battle against their own brain's wiring, proving that it is possible to calm the storm of craving and fundamentally reset the brain's relationship with food.
For many people, the day does not truly begin until that first sip of coffee. It is more than caffeine; it is a ritual, a comfort, and sometimes even an emotional anchor that sets the tone for the day.
If you are starting or continuing treatment with Wegovy (semaglutide), you may find yourself asking an important but often overlooked question: Can I still enjoy my coffee before my weekly injection? This question is completely understandable.
Wegovy has transformed weight management for countless people, but it can come with side effects such as nausea, stomach upset, or changes in digestion. Coffee, while beloved, is also known for its own effects on the stomach, hydration, and energy levels.
When the two overlap, it is natural to wonder if you might be setting yourself up for extra discomfort or if you are unknowingly affecting your medication’s impact.
Here is the reassuring part: drinking coffee before your Wegovy shot is generally safe. There is no direct interaction between caffeine and semaglutide. But “safe” does not always mean “comfortable.” Factors such as timing, portion size, your caffeine sensitivity, and even whether you drink coffee on an empty stomach can all influence how you feel before and after your injection.
Coffee and caffeine consumption are nearly ubiquitous in daily life, yet when combined with pharmacotherapy such as Wegovy (semaglutide), careful consideration is warranted due to overlapping physiological effects that can exacerbate gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.
Wegovy significantly delays gastric emptying, slowing the transit of food and liquids from the stomach to the intestines. This prolongs gastric distension, augmenting satiety but also potentially intensifying gastrointestinal discomfort.
When increased gastric acid production from coffee intake converges with the delayed gastric emptying caused by semaglutide, patients face a compounded risk of gastrointestinal distress, manifesting as nausea, acid reflux, and heartburn. The slowed clearance of acid and gastric contents exacerbates mucosal irritation and symptom severity, frequently reported during the early stages of Wegovy treatment.
Navigating caffeine consumption on the day of a Wegovy (semaglutide) injection is a common concern among patients starting this transformative weight loss therapy. Understanding the interplay between caffeine and Wegovy can empower users to optimise their experience while minimising discomfort.
Contrary to popular belief, there is no clinical evidence that consuming caffeine immediately before or during the Tmax (peak absorption time) of the subcutaneous semaglutide injection causes adverse effects or interferes with the drug’s efficacy.
Semaglutide’s pharmacokinetics operate on a longer timescale, with peak plasma levels maintained over days. Therefore, caffeine intake does not impact the medication’s initial absorption or therapeutic action. Patients can consume coffee around the time of injection without fear of reducing efficacy.
Most bowel and gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, peak within 24 to 48 hours after the injection. During this window, reducing caffeine intake can help mitigate these symptoms. Caffeine’s stimulant properties may exacerbate sensations of nausea, gastrointestinal upset, and nervousness. Lowering caffeine during this period improves hydration, reduces acid reflux, and eases gastrointestinal workload, supporting better tolerance of the medication.
The delicate balance of hunger and fullness is deeply intertwined with the quality and quantity of sleep, a relationship that can become a vicious cycle when disrupted by lifestyle factors such as caffeine intake.
Sleep deprivation, defined as sleeping less than seven hours per night, profoundly disrupts the hormonal equilibrium between ghrelin, the hunger-stimulating hormone, and leptin, the satiety-inducing hormone. Research shows that insufficient sleep elevates ghrelin levels while simultaneously reducing leptin concentrations, creating a potent biological signal that increases hunger and diminishes feelings of fullness the following day. This hormonal imbalance often promotes overeating, weight gain, and difficulty in sustaining weight loss efforts.
While caffeine is widely consumed for its stimulant effects, high or late-day intake impairs sleep quality by increasing sleep onset latency, reducing total sleep time, and fragmenting sleep architecture, especially affecting the restorative REM sleep phase. Even caffeine consumed many hours before bedtime can induce subtle but significant changes in sleep EEG patterns, reducing sleep depth and quality, a key contributor to increased daytime sleepiness and fatigue.
This sleep disruption caused by caffeine sets the stage for elevated ghrelin and suppressed leptin upon waking, thereby indirectly undermining the weight management benefits promoted by semaglutide, which relies heavily on appetite regulation via these hormonal pathways. Thus, caffeine use, particularly in the afternoon or evening, can perpetuate a cycle of poor sleep, increased hunger, and weight regain.
To break this cycle, it is crucial to adopt a strict caffeine cut-off time, generally advisable as no caffeine consumption after 12 pm. This timing helps ensure caffeine is sufficiently cleared from the body to minimise its sleep-disrupting effects. Prioritising healthy sleep hygiene practices, such as consistent bedtimes, reduced screen exposure before sleep, and a calming pre-sleep routine, can further stabilise hunger hormones and support weight loss efforts.
When managing weight loss with Wegovy (semaglutide), caffeine consumption requires not only moderation but also strategic quality choices and supportive hydration to optimise treatment benefits and minimise side effects.
To mitigate potential adverse effects such as jitteriness, gastrointestinal discomfort, and sleep disruption, it is advisable to limit total daily caffeine intake to 200–300 mg, roughly equivalent to 2–3 cups of filter coffee or tea, depending on individual tolerance. Excessive caffeine can amplify common side effects such as nausea and anxiety, compromising the weight loss journey and overall well-being.
Not all caffeine sources have the same impact. For those sensitive to acid reflux or GI irritation, lower-acid coffee options such as dark-roasted or cold-brew coffees provide gentler gastric effects while maintaining caffeine content. Additionally, green tea offers a lower-caffeine alternative rich in antioxidants and bioactive compounds that may synergistically support metabolic health without overstimulating the nervous system.
Many popular coffee drinks, lattes, frappuccinos, and speciality beverages contain significant amounts of sugar, syrups, and high-fat creamers, which contribute calories and may negate the caloric deficit aimed for with Wegovy. Such additives undermine weight loss by adding hidden sugars and fats, making simple black coffee or coffee with a splash of unsweetened milk or plant-based alternatives the safer choice.
Caffeine’s diuretic effect can promote fluid loss, which may increase dehydration risk, particularly during Wegovy treatment when nausea and GI upset are common. A practical strategy is to drink an equal volume of water for every cup of coffee consumed, ensuring adequate hydration, supporting gastrointestinal motility, and mitigating common side effects such as constipation and headache.
Coffee lovers do not need to fear their morning ritual; drinking coffee before your Wegovy injection is generally safe for most people. However, being mindful about timing, portion size, and your body’s individual response can make a big difference in how you feel.
Remember, your health journey is personal, and small lifestyle adjustments can go a long way in making medications, such as Wegovy, more comfortable and effective.
If you are uncertain about how coffee or other daily habits may affect your treatment, reach out to us at SheMed for tailored advice. And if you are looking for more trustworthy tips to support your Wegovy journey, stay connected with our website for guidance backed by science and compassion.
Yes, you can. Coffee does not interfere with the way Wegovy works in your body. However, because Wegovy slows down digestion and can cause nausea in some people, drinking coffee (which is acidic and sometimes irritating to the stomach) right before your injection may increase the chance of discomfort. If you are sensitive, try having your coffee a little earlier in the morning and follow it with water before your shot.
No, coffee does not block or reduce the effectiveness of Wegovy. Semaglutide works through hormonal pathways (GLP-1 receptor activation) that are unaffected by caffeine. That said, drinking very large amounts of coffee can lead to dehydration or increased gastrointestinal irritation, which may make side effects such as nausea or diarrhoea feel worse, but it will not stop the medication from working.
Not necessarily. Most people tolerate coffee just fine, even on injection days. What you may want to avoid is having coffee on an empty stomach immediately before your shot, especially if you are prone to nausea. Pairing coffee with a light meal or having it after your injection may help.
It can for some people. Coffee is a stimulant and increases stomach acid, which may intensify nausea, heartburn, or diarrhoea: side effects that are already possible with Wegovy. If you notice your symptoms are worse after coffee, consider reducing the amount or switching to a gentler option such as green tea.
Yes, absolutely. Coffee is mildly dehydrating, and Wegovy can already affect digestion and hydration. Drinking a glass of water before or after your coffee can help keep your system balanced and may ease side effects.
No, you do not have to give up coffee. The key is moderation and listening to your body. If coffee does not make your nausea or GI symptoms worse, you can keep it in your routine. If you notice discomfort, adjusting timing, switching to half-caffeine, or drinking smaller amounts may help.
You’ve taken a positive step for your health with a GLP-1 medication like Wegovy, or Mounjaro. The benefits are starting to show, but there’s a catch: a deep, pervasive tiredness that feels worlds away from the energy you were hoping for. If you’re battling the "Ozempic crash" or "Semaglutide tiredness”, you are not alone. This fatigue is a widespread, yet manageable, side effect. It’s often your body’s way of adjusting to a significant metabolic shift and a lower calorie intake. The good news is that by focusing on a few key strategies, you can reclaim your energy and continue your journey towards better health. Managing GLP-1 fatigue isn't about pushing harder; it's about fuelling smarter and listening to your body. This article provides a comprehensive blueprint to help you reclaim your energy and thrive on your treatment journey.
Before we tackle the solutions, it helps to understand why this fatigue happens. Knowing the "why" makes the "what to do" much clearer.
This is the primary driver. GLP-1 medications work by suppressing your appetite and slowing down digestion. This naturally leads to a significant drop in your daily caloric intake. Your body, used to running on a certain amount of "fuel," now interprets this as a state of low energy availability. Think of it like a car running on a lower-octane fuel; it still works, but it might not run as smoothly or with as much power.
A frequently overlooked cause of fatigue on GLP-1s is dehydration. With a suppressed appetite, you may not only eat less but also drink less. The feeling of fullness can extend to liquids, and mild, persistent nausea can make the thought of drinking unappealing. This can quickly lead to a state of chronic low-level dehydration.
Dehydration has a direct and immediate impact on energy levels. It reduces blood volume, forcing your heart to work harder to pump oxygen and nutrients to your muscles and brain. This extra workload is exhausting. Furthermore, when you're dehydrated, you lose vital electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and magnesium, which are crucial for nerve function and muscle contraction. An imbalance in these minerals can lead to muscle weakness, dizziness, and a profound sense of lethargy.
GLP-1 medications are not just appetite suppressants; they are powerful hormonal agents that fundamentally alter the communication between your gut and your brain. As described in studies published shows these drugs mimic natural hormones that signal satiety to the central nervous system. This process of rewiring your body's hormonal feedback loops requires a significant amount of energy. Your central nervous system is working overtime to adapt to these new signals, which can manifest as central fatigue, a feeling of exhaustion that isn't relieved by rest.
While you are consuming fewer calories overall, the quality of those calories becomes more important than ever. Think of your diet not just in terms of weight loss, but as your primary tool for energy management.
A clinical study of a GLP-1 RA highlighted that participants who followed dietary advice and injected weekly saw an average 18% lower energy intake compared to placebo, with significant reductions in body weight and cardio-metabolic risk. A strategic nutritional approach can make the difference between feeling drained and feeling energised.
When your calorie intake is low, protein is your single most important macronutrient. Its role is twofold: it promotes satiety, helping you feel full and satisfied on smaller portions, and crucially, it helps preserve lean muscle mass. During rapid weight loss, the body can break down muscle tissue for energy, but muscle is your metabolic engine; it burns more calories at rest than fat does. Preserving it is vital for maintaining your metabolism and long-term energy levels.
Actionable Tip: Aim to include a high-quality protein source in every small meal or snack. This provides a steady supply of amino acids to your muscles and helps stabilise blood sugar, preventing energy dips.
Carbohydrates are your body's preferred source of quick energy, but the type and timing are critical. Large loads of simple, refined carbohydrates (like white bread, sugary snacks, pasta, and sugary drinks) will cause a rapid spike in blood sugar, followed by an inevitable and sharp crash that will leave you feeling even more tired.
Instead, focus on small portions of complex, high-fibre carbohydrates. These are digested slowly, providing a gradual and sustained release of energy.
Actionable Tip: Pair a small portion of a complex carb with your protein source at mealtimes. For example, a few spoonfuls of brown rice with your chicken, a small slice of wholemeal toast with your eggs, or some oats in your yoghurt. This combination provides both immediate and long-lasting energy.
Conscious hydration is non-negotiable for fighting GLP-1 fatigue. You cannot rely on thirst signals alone, as the medication can blunt them.
This evidence from research demonstrates that blander, low-fat, protein-focused meals before and after GLP-1 injections, alongside vigilant hydration and gradual reintroduction of fibre, are essential for comfort and safety. Clinical nutrition counselling further reduces side effect severity and supports long-term adherence for patients using Ozempic, Wegovy, or Mounjaro.
Actionable Tip from the National Health Service (NHS)
Keep a water bottle with you at all times and sip consistently throughout the day, even if you don't feel thirsty. Aim for the NHS-recommended 6-8 glasses (around 2 litres) of fluid daily. If you struggle with plain water due to nausea, try infusing it with lemon, cucumber, or mint. For an electrolyte boost, consider a low-sugar electrolyte powder mixed into your water, a cup of nourishing bone broth, or a glass of low-sugar coconut water.
When you significantly reduce your food intake, particularly red meat, you may be at risk for deficiencies in key micronutrients that are vital for energy production. The two most common culprits are:
Actionable Tip: Do not self-diagnose or begin taking high-dose supplements without medical guidance. Discuss fatigue with your GP and request a blood test to check your iron (ferritin) and B12 levels. If a deficiency is found, they can recommend the appropriate supplementation.
Beyond nutrition, simple adjustments to your daily routine can build energy resilience and help you navigate the periods of peak tiredness more effectively.
When you are exhausted, the last thing you may feel like doing is exercising. Pushing yourself through a high-intensity workout can be counterproductive, depleting your already low energy stores. However, gentle, low-impact movement can have the opposite effect.
Activity like a 20-minute walk, gentle yoga, or stretching boosts circulation, delivering more oxygen to your cells. It also releases endorphins, which can improve your mood and provide a natural energy lift.
Actionable Tip: Instead of forcing a hard workout, schedule a short walk during your lunch break or in the evening. Listen to your body and focus on movement that feels restorative, not draining.
Quality sleep is your body's ultimate recovery tool. During sleep, your body repairs tissues and replenishes energy stores. GLP-1s can sometimes interfere with sleep patterns, so establishing excellent sleep hygiene is paramount.
NHS Guidance
Prioritise getting 7-9 hours of consistent, high-quality sleep. The NHS offers excellent guidance on improving sleep hygiene, including:
Many users report that fatigue peaks in the 24-48 hours following the injection. If you notice this pattern, you can use it to your advantage by strategically timing your dose.
Actionable Tip: If your injection day is Wednesday and you consistently feel wiped out on Thursday and Friday, consider moving it. Switching your injection to a Friday evening allows the peak fatigue to fall over the weekend, when you may have more flexibility to rest and recover, leaving you with more energy for the working week.
Nausea is a common side effect that is intrinsically linked to fatigue. If you feel sick, you are less likely to eat and drink, leading to low energy and dehydration. Managing nausea is therefore a key part of managing fatigue.
Actionable Tip: Instead of three larger meals, switch to "grazing" on very small, bland, and frequent meals throughout the day. This keeps your stomach from becoming empty, which can trigger nausea, and also prevents the lethargy that can follow a larger meal. Think small portions of crackers, dry toast, plain chicken, or rice every 2-3 hours.
While fatigue is a common side effect, it's vital to know when it might signal a more serious issue or when you need professional support. Do not hesitate to reach out to your GP, pharmacist, or your weight management service provider.
If your tiredness isn't improving after the first few weeks on a new dose, or if it's so severe that it prevents you from performing your daily activities such as working, caring for family, or managing your household, it's time to seek medical advice. This level of fatigue is not something you should simply push through.
Contact your doctor immediately if your fatigue is accompanied by any of the following "red flag" symptoms:
Large-scale semaglutide trials show GI side effects (nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, constipation) are most frequent in the first weeks post-injection but are usually mild and resolve with time and dietary management. Persistent severe symptoms warrant clinical review, as 3.9% of participants discontinued therapy due to GI intolerance, especially if fluid loss led to dehydration.
Your prescribing clinician, whether your GP or a specialist within a Tier 3 weight management service, is there to support you. Schedule a check-in to discuss your fatigue. They can review your dosage, arrange for blood tests to rule out other causes, and provide personalised advice tailored to your health profile.
Fatigue on GLP-1 medications can be challenging, but it is almost always manageable. By shifting your focus to high-quality nutrition, prioritising hydration, embracing gentle movement, and optimising your daily routines, you can effectively combat the crash and regain your vitality. Remember to view this period of adjustment as a temporary trade-off for the incredible, life-changing health benefits that these medications offer. You are fundamentally improving your long-term health, and learning to support your body through this transition is a powerful act of self-care. Be patient with yourself, listen to your body's signals, and implement these strategies consistently.
In the relentless pursuit of weight loss, we often meticulously count calories, track our steps, and monitor our macronutrients. We celebrate every pound shed and every inch lost. But what if a crucial piece of the puzzle is missing? What if a silent, often-overlooked mineral is quietly sabotaging our best efforts? For many, that missing link is magnesium.
You track calories and steps, but are you tracking your micronutrients? One mineral, in particular, plays a silent but critical role in over 300 essential bodily processes, from energy production to nerve function. The problem is stark: a significant portion of the population, especially those struggling with metabolic issues, such as obesity and insulin resistance, are deficient in magnesium. Research from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey has consistently highlighted that many age groups fail to meet the recommended daily intake.
While it is crucial to understand that magnesium is not a magic weight-loss pill, the science is clear: optimising your magnesium levels can profoundly improve the metabolic environment needed for successful, sustainable weight management. This article will elucidate magnesium’s direct involvement in metabolic functions, its indirect benefits on stress and sleep, methods for recognising a potential deficiency, and safe, effective strategies for ensuring you get enough of this vital mineral.
To understand magnesium’s impact on weight, we must first look at its fundamental role at a cellular level. It is not just a passive nutrient; it is an active participant in the very processes that govern how your body uses and stores energy. From fuelling your cells to managing blood sugar, magnesium is at the heart of your metabolism.
Every single action your body takes, from a blink of an eye to a strenuous workout, requires energy. This energy is delivered in the form of a molecule called Adenosine Triphosphate, or ATP. Think of ATP as the body’s primary energy currency. For any metabolic process to occur, including the breakdown of fat (lipolysis) and the burning of calories (thermogenesis), ATP must be spent.
So, where does magnesium fit in? Magnesium is an essential cofactor in the creation of ATP. In its biologically active form, ATP is almost always bound to a magnesium ion (Mg-ATP). Without sufficient magnesium, the body’s ability to produce and utilise this vital energy currency is significantly impaired.
As explained by the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University, this relationship is fundamental to all living cells. A sluggish energy production system means a sluggish metabolism, making it much harder for your body to access and burn stored fat for fuel.
One of magnesium’s most critical roles in weight management is its influence on glucose metabolism and insulin signalling. When you consume carbohydrates, they are broken down into glucose, which enters your bloodstream. In response, the pancreas releases insulin, a hormone that acts like a key, unlocking your cells to allow glucose to enter and be used for energy.
Magnesium is a crucial component of this delicate process. It acts as a cofactor for several key enzymes involved in glucose metabolism. Furthermore, it plays a direct role in insulin’s effectiveness. Magnesium is required for the proper function of insulin receptors on the surface of your cells. It helps activate an enzyme called tyrosine kinase, which is essential for the insulin receptor to transmit its signal into the cell.
When magnesium levels are low, these receptors become less sensitive to insulin. This means the ‘key’ does not work as well, and glucose struggles to get out of the bloodstream and into the cells. The body’s response is to pump out even more insulin, leading to a state of high insulin levels known as hyperinsulinemia.
A pivotal study published in Diabetes Care found that higher magnesium intake was associated with significantly reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, largely due to improved insulin sensitivity. Essentially, magnesium helps cells ‘hear’ insulin’s message clearly, allowing glucose to enter efficiently and be used as fuel rather than stored as fat.
This reduced sensitivity to insulin is the hallmark of insulin resistance, a metabolic condition strongly linked to weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, and a precursor to type 2 diabetes. When cells are resistant to insulin, the excess glucose in the bloodstream is more likely to be converted into fat and stored.
A worrying body of research shows a clear link between magnesium deficiency and insulin resistance. A comprehensive review published in the World Journal of Diabetes concluded that chronic magnesium deficiency is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The relationship appears to be a vicious cycle: not only does low magnesium contribute to insulin resistance, but the high insulin levels seen in this condition can also cause the kidneys to excrete more magnesium in the urine, further depleting the body’s stores.
Therefore, ensuring adequate magnesium intake is a foundational step in improving insulin sensitivity. By helping your cells respond more effectively to insulin, magnesium can help lower circulating insulin levels, reduce the drive for fat storage, and create a metabolic environment that is far more conducive to weight loss.
Beyond its direct impact on cellular metabolism and insulin signalling, magnesium exerts powerful indirect effects on systems that are critical for successful weight management. It influences our stress response, sleep quality, and even our ability to exercise effectively, all of which are major drivers of our body composition and overall health.
Magnesium is often referred to as the ‘original chill pill’ or ‘nature’s tranquiliser’ for good reason. It plays a central role in regulating the body’s stress-response system, known as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Magnesium helps to control the flow of stress hormones, including the primary one, cortisol.
When the body is under chronic stress, the adrenal glands pump out cortisol. While this is helpful in short-term ‘fight or flight’ situations, persistently high cortisol levels can be disastrous for weight management. Cortisol has been shown to increase appetite, drive cravings for high-sugar and high-fat ‘comfort’ foods, and, most notably, promote the storage of visceral fat, the dangerous type of fat that accumulates around your organs in the abdominal cavity.
A 2020 study in Nutrients highlighted magnesium’s potential to mitigate stress responses and lower cortisol levels, indirectly assisting weight management by reducing stress-induced overeating.
Magnesium helps to dampen this stress response in several ways. It can restrict the release of cortisol and another stress hormone, adrenaline, and also acts as a gatekeeper for NMDA receptors in the brain, which are involved in excitatory brain activity. By preventing these receptors from being overstimulated, magnesium helps maintain a sense of calm.
A study in Neuropharmacology highlights its role in modulating stress responses. By helping to regulate your nervous system and control cortisol, magnesium can mitigate the hormonal drive to store belly fat and reduce stress-induced eating.
A good night’s sleep is one of the most underrated tools for weight loss. Poor sleep has a devastating effect on the hormones that regulate hunger and satiety. Specifically, sleep deprivation causes levels of ghrelin (the ‘hunger hormone’) to rise, while levels of leptin (the ‘fullness hormone’) fall. This hormonal imbalance leads to intense cravings and an increased likelihood of overeating the following day.
Magnesium is a powerful sleep aid. It promotes relaxation by helping to activate the parasympathetic nervous system, the ‘rest and digest’ system that calms you down after a stressful event. It also helps regulate neurotransmitters that are directly related to sleep, such as GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that quiets down nerve activity, and many traditional sleep medications work by targeting GABA receptors. Magnesium binds to and stimulates these same receptors, helping to prepare your mind and body for sleep.
Furthermore, magnesium contributes to muscle relaxation. By acting as a natural calcium blocker, it helps muscle cells relax after contracting, which can ease physical tension and prevent nighttime leg cramps that disrupt sleep. By improving both the quality and duration of your sleep, magnesium helps to normalise your appetite hormones, providing you with better control over your food choices and calorie intake.
Consistent physical activity is a cornerstone of any weight-loss plan. It not only burns calories but also builds metabolically active muscle mass. Magnesium is essential for both exercise performance and, crucially, recovery.
During exercise, your body’s demand for magnesium increases. The mineral is involved in muscle contraction and helps move blood sugar into your muscles for energy. It also plays a role in clearing lactate (lactic acid) from the muscles during intense activity. Lactate buildup is what causes that familiar burning sensation and can contribute to post-exercise fatigue. Research has shown that magnesium supplementation can improve exercise performance by reducing lactate accumulation and improving glucose availability in the brain, muscles, and blood.
Perhaps even more importantly, magnesium is vital for recovery. Better recovery means you can work out more consistently and with greater intensity, leading to better results over time. Its muscle-relaxing properties help to alleviate post-workout soreness and stiffness. By ensuring you can bounce back quickly from your workouts, magnesium supports the consistent effort required to burn fat and build the lean muscle that will boost your metabolism long-term.
Given its widespread role in the body, a magnesium deficiency can manifest in a variety of ways. Unfortunately, many of the symptoms are non-specific and can easily be attributed to other causes such as stress or a busy lifestyle. Recognising these signs is the first step toward correcting a potential imbalance and unlocking the metabolic benefits.
Blood tests for magnesium can be unreliable, as only about 1% of the body’s magnesium is found in the bloodstream, with the vast majority stored in bones and soft tissues. Therefore, it is often more practical to pay attention to the common clinical signs and symptoms of deficiency. These include:
If you experience several of these symptoms regularly, it could be a sign that your magnesium levels are suboptimal.
The most effective and safest way to increase your magnesium intake is through a whole-foods-based diet. A ‘food-first’ approach ensures you also get a wide array of other beneficial nutrients, such as fibre, vitamins, and antioxidants. Some of the best dietary sources of magnesium include:
Focusing on incorporating these whole foods into your daily meals is the ideal strategy for improving your magnesium status naturally.
In some cases, particularly if a deficiency is suspected or dietary intake is insufficient, supplementation may be a useful tool. However, it is vital to approach it with caution and knowledge, as not all magnesium supplements are created equal.
Different forms of magnesium are bound to other molecules, which affects their absorption (bioavailability) and their effects on the body:
It is essential to always consult a doctor or registered dietitian before starting any new supplement. This is especially critical for individuals with kidney problems, as impaired kidney function can lead to a dangerous buildup of magnesium in the body. A healthcare professional can help you determine if supplementation is necessary and recommend the appropriate form and dosage for your individual needs.
Magnesium is undeniably a powerhouse mineral, fundamental to the intricate workings of our metabolism. It optimises the critical metabolic pathways that make weight loss achievable and, more importantly, sustainable. It enhances insulin sensitivity, calms the stress response that drives fat storage, improves the restorative quality of sleep, and supports the physical activity that is essential for a healthy body composition.
Successful weight management is never about a single nutrient or a single strategy. It requires a holistic approach that integrates a balanced diet rich in whole foods, consistent and enjoyable exercise, and proactive management of stress and recovery. Ensuring adequate magnesium intake is a foundational part of this equation. It helps to create an internal environment where all your other healthy efforts can thrive and deliver the results you are working so hard to achieve. If you suspect you may have a deficiency based on the symptoms discussed, or if you are struggling with issues such as insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome, do not hesitate to take the next step. Ask your healthcare provider about your concerns and the possibility of checking your magnesium levels.
No, magnesium does not directly burn fat. Instead, it supports metabolic processes such as insulin sensitivity, energy production, and stress regulation that create a healthier environment for weight loss.
Adult women typically require 310–320 mg per day, while adult men need 400–420 mg. These values may vary based on health status, age, and other factors.
Symptoms include muscle cramps or twitches, fatigue, poor sleep, headaches, mood swings, and digestive issues. Deficiency can worsen insulin resistance and metabolic health.
Magnesium glycinate is preferred for sleep and stress support, while magnesium citrate aids digestion and constipation relief. The ideal form depends on individual needs, and it is best to consult a healthcare provider before supplementing.
Have you been searching for an effective solution to manage blood sugar levels or support weight loss? For many, managing diabetes or losing weight can feel like a constant struggle, with diets and treatments often failing to deliver lasting results. But what if there was a medication that could effectively help manage both blood glucose levels and weight? Enter semaglutide, a peptide classified as a GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonist that has rapidly gained recognition for its potential to address both of these challenges.
Semaglutide works by mimicking the actions of GLP-1, a hormone that plays a critical role in regulating appetite and blood sugar. With its unique dual benefit, semaglutide has shown the potential to help individuals lose up to 15% of their body weight within a year— a significant and promising outcome for those who have struggled to achieve their weight loss or blood glucose targets. Studies show that medications like semaglutide not only help lower hba1c levels in diabetes patients but also support a gradual, healthy weight loss journey, offering new hope for individuals who have faced frustration with traditional methods.
Semaglutide, marketed under the brand names Ozempic and Wegovy, is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that has gained significant attention for its effectiveness in managing weight and controlling blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. By mimicking the natural hormone GLP-1, semaglutide plays a crucial role in appetite regulation, satiety, and glucose metabolism. It functions by mimicking the action of GLP-1, a hormone produced in the intestines that is released in response to food intake. When GLP-1 is secreted, it stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells while inhibiting glucagon release from alpha cells. This dual action helps lower blood glucose levels and improves glycemic control.
1. Appetite regulation: Clinical studies demonstrate that semaglutide significantly reduces appetite. For instance, a randomised controlled trial published in Diabetes Care found that participants using semaglutide experienced a 24% reduction in total energy intake compared to those on placebo. This reduction was attributed to decreased hunger and food cravings, as well as better control over eating behaviours.
2. Satiety Enhancement: Semaglutide enhances feelings of fullness after meals. In a study assessing the effects of oral semaglutide on energy intake, participants reported improved satiety scores after consuming meals, particularly after high-calorie breakfasts. The results indicated that total daily energy intake was reduced by approximately 38.9% with semaglutide compared to placebo, showcasing its effectiveness in promoting satiety.
3. Slowing Gastric Emptying: Semaglutide also slows gastric emptying, which prolongs the time food remains in the stomach. This mechanism contributes to prolonged feelings of fullness and helps prevent rapid spikes in blood sugar levels after meals.
Semaglutide's impact extends beyond appetite control; it plays a vital role in blood sugar regulation:
Clinical trials have demonstrated its potential to lead to substantial and sustained weight reductions, making it a valuable option for those struggling with weight management.
Several factors can influence the effectiveness of semaglutide in promoting weight loss:
Semaglutide therapy usually presents with certain gastrointestinal side effects, especially during the initial weeks. While these side effects can be concerning, it is important to reassure patients that they are generally mild and transient. Most individuals find that starting at a lower dose and gradually increasing it can help mitigate gastrointestinal symptoms. In fact, only about 2.9% of participants discontinued treatment due to adverse effects in clinical trials.
The most frequently reported side effects associated with semaglutide include:
Concerns regarding the long-term safety of semaglutide have been addressed in several studies:
Given the specific considerations surrounding semaglutide use in women, it is essential to consult with healthcare providers before starting this medication. A healthcare professional can provide personalised advice based on individual health profiles, including pre-existing conditions related to reproductive health or metabolic disorders. They can also help navigate potential risks associated with medication use during pregnancy or lactation.
Semaglutide effectiveness is significantly enhanced when combined with healthy lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise. This combination not only supports the medication's weight loss effects but also promotes overall health and well-being.
Key dietary recommendations: Increase Fibre Intake
Semaglutide aids individuals in making healthier choices by enhancing feelings of fullness and reducing appetite. This pharmacological support allows users to better adhere to dietary recommendations and engage more consistently in physical activity:
Semaglutide is a highly effective GLP-1 receptor agonist that plays a significant role in weight management and the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Clinical trials have consistently demonstrated its efficacy. However, it is essential to recognize that semaglutide is not a standalone solution. The integration of healthy lifestyle changes—including a balanced diet and regular physical activity—is crucial for maximising the benefits of this medication. Additionally, women must consider specific health factors related to pregnancy and breastfeeding when evaluating the use of semaglutide.
Before starting semaglutide or any weight loss medication, consulting with a healthcare provider is vital. A healthcare professional can provide personalised guidance based on individual health profiles, helping patients make informed decisions about their treatment options.
While semaglutide offers promising results for weight loss and metabolic health, the best outcomes are achieved through a comprehensive approach that includes medical intervention and lifestyle modifications. By working closely with healthcare providers, individuals can develop effective strategies tailored to their unique needs and goals.
1. What exactly is semaglutide?Semaglutide is a peptide medication classified as a GLP-1 receptor agonist. It works by mimicking a natural hormone in the body that helps regulate blood sugar and appetite, making it beneficial for diabetes management and weight loss.
2. How does semaglutide assist with weight loss?Semaglutide activates GLP-1 receptors that play a role in appetite control and digestion. By reducing hunger and increasing feelings of fullness, it supports sustainable weight loss over time.
3. Is semaglutide only for those with diabetes?No, semaglutide is also approved for use as a weight loss medication, even for people without diabetes. The brand name Wegovy is commonly prescribed specifically for weight management in non-diabetic individuals.
4. How soon can I expect to see results with semaglutide?Results can vary, but some individuals notice changes in appetite and weight within the first few weeks. Full benefits, however, often take several months with consistent use.
5. What are the possible side effects of semaglutide?Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and digestive discomfort, especially at the start. These effects are generally manageable, and your healthcare provider can offer tips to minimize them.
Starting a new weight loss treatment can feel like a breakthrough - especially for women who have spent years struggling with PCOS, irregular cycles, or stubborn weight gain. Many people using GLP-1 medication describe renewed energy, steady progress on the scale, and a sense of hope. But alongside these benefits, some also notice unexpected changes in their menstrual cycle - such as new cramping, spotting, or shifts in flow.
It’s natural to wonder: Is this normal? Is it the medication, or just my body adjusting?
If you’ve had similar questions, you’re not alone. As more women turn to Mounjaro for weight management or type 2 diabetes, new conversations are opening up about its impact on menstrual health.
Changes in your cycle can feel unsettling, particularly when they appear alongside a new treatment. Whether it’s lighter or heavier bleeding, unfamiliar cramps, or questions about how Mounjaro may interact with hormones, contraception, or PCOS, it’s important to have clear, UK-specific information.
In this blog, we’ll explore how Mounjaro may affect the menstrual cycle, and share practical ways to manage symptoms and stay informed - so you can feel supported, not confused, as you move forward on your health journey.
Mounjaro works by mimicking two naturally occurring gut hormones - GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). Together, these hormones help to slow down gastric emptying, reduce appetite, improve insulin sensitivity, and lower blood glucose levels. While these effects are primarily targeted at metabolic regulation and weight loss, they also have indirect impacts on the hormonal systems that control the menstrual cycle.
For women, especially those with underlying hormonal conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), even small shifts in insulin levels, body weight, or inflammation can have a ripple effect on oestrogen balance, ovulation patterns, and menstrual symptoms. This means that although Mounjaro is not designed to act on reproductive hormones, its metabolic actions can influence menstrual health in meaningful ways.
One of the most significant ways Mounjaro may influence the menstrual cycle is through weight loss, which has a profound effect on hormonal balance. Body fat is not just stored energy, it’s hormonally active. Excess adipose tissue increases the production of oestrogen through a process called aromatisation.
When oestrogen levels are too high, it can disrupt the delicate hormonal interplay that governs the menstrual cycle, leading to irregular or absent periods, heavy bleeding, and painful cramps. By promoting steady and sustained weight loss, Mounjaro can help rebalance oestrogen levels, restoring hormonal equilibrium and contributing to more predictable menstrual patterns.
In addition to regulating oestrogen, healthy weight loss brings broader benefits to menstrual health. Studies have shown that losing weight can lead to more regular cycles, a reduction in PMS symptoms, and a decrease in systemic inflammation, which is a known contributor to period pain. Weight loss also significantly improves insulin sensitivity, a crucial factor for women with PCOS.
A 2025 clinical study in women with PCOS and obesity (n=56) found tirzepatide led to significant weight reduction (mean 9.54%) and improvement in menstrual regularity: irregular cycles decreased from 85.7% before treatment to 32.1% after. There was also a notable drop in prevalence of ovarian cysts and insulin resistance
For those living with PCOS - a condition that affects up to 1 in 10 women in the UK - Mounjaro’s impact can be particularly positive. By improving insulin resistance, one of the root causes of PCOS, Mounjaro can help restore more regular ovulation, reduce elevated androgen levels (which cause symptoms like acne, excess facial hair, and scalp hair thinning), and potentially enhance fertility. While not licensed specifically for PCOS in the UK, Mounjaro’s metabolic benefits can offer meaningful hormonal improvements for many women living with this condition.
Based on survey data from 1,754 users of GLP-1 medications (including tirzepatide) showed that 27% noticed changes in their menstrual cycles after starting treatment. Respondents with PCOS were even more likely to report changes (43%), with the most common being more predictable, more frequent, or shorter periods. However, rigorous clinical trial data specifically for tirzepatide remain limited
Despite anecdotal reports, there’s limited clinical trial data on Mounjaro’s direct impact on menstruation. Current studies haven’t flagged menstrual changes or cramps as common side effects. The MHRA and manufacturer’s patient information leaflets for Mounjaro in the UK do not list period changes as a primary or expected adverse effect.
However, real-world experiences from patients on forums and social media have started highlighting menstrual irregularities, delayed periods, or changes in cramp severity - pointing to a potential area for future research.
Although formal studies are currently limited, many women taking Mounjaro have shared a range of personal experiences on social media related to their menstrual cycle. Some report that their periods have become lighter and less painful, while others have noticed delayed cycles, spotting, or even more intense cramps during the initial adjustment phase. These changes may not be due to the medication directly, but rather indirect effects of weight loss, which can influence hormonal balance.
Fluctuations in oestrogen, insulin, and leptin levels - all of which are sensitive to changes in body weight and metabolic health - could contribute to these menstrual changes. Additionally, some of the side effects commonly associated with Mounjaro, such as nausea or abdominal discomfort, may overlap with or intensify typical menstrual symptoms, making it harder to distinguish the cause.
Mounjaro-induced weight loss can lower systemic inflammation - a major driver of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods).
Stabilising insulin and oestrogen levels may help with:
Could Mounjaro Make Cramps Worse?
While many women experience improvements in their menstrual symptoms with Mounjaro, it’s also possible for some to notice a temporary worsening of cramps or cycle disturbances. This can happen for several reasons. Rapid weight loss, especially in the early stages of treatment, can place stress on the body and temporarily disrupt hormonal balance, leading to more intense cramps or irregular periods. Additionally, as the body undergoes hormonal fluctuations during weight loss, menstrual cycles may become less predictable for a time.
Another important factor to consider is that Mounjaro slows gastric emptying, which may affect how oral medications are absorbed - including combined oral contraceptive pills and oral HRT. If the absorption of these hormones is reduced, hormone levels in the body may drop, potentially causing breakthrough bleeding, spotting, or a return of menstrual symptoms such as cramping or irregular flow. This is particularly relevant for women who rely on these medications for menstrual regulation or symptom control and highlights the importance of discussing contraceptive or HRT options with a healthcare provider when starting Mounjaro.
Mounjaro can cause:
These may overlap with PMS symptoms, making it harder to distinguish between side effects and menstrual pain.
For women using Mounjaro, there are several important factors to consider when it comes to menstrual health, contraception, and hormone therapy. One of the key concerns is how Mounjaro may affect the absorption of oral medications due to its action of slowing gastric emptying. This can potentially reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptive pills, putting users at risk of unintended pregnancy.
Current guidance suggests using a barrier method, such as condoms, for at least four weeks after starting Mounjaro and for four weeks after each dose increase. Alternatively, women may wish to speak to their GP about switching to non-oral forms of contraception, such as patches, IUDs, or implants, which are not affected by changes in digestion.
Women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during the perimenopausal or menopausal period should be aware that oral HRT may also be impacted. The British Menopause Society advises considering transdermal options, like patches or gels, which bypass the digestive system and maintain more stable hormone levels. In some cases, adjusting the dose of oral progesterone may be necessary, but this should only be done in consultation with a healthcare provider.
Tracking your menstrual cycle becomes particularly important while on Mounjaro. Noting changes in cycle length, flow, cramping, mood swings, or energy levels can help identify any emerging patterns or concerns. You should seek medical advice if you experience significant changes, such as missed periods, unusually heavy or light bleeding, persistent or worsening cramps, or unexpected spotting - especially if you're on HRT or haven’t had periods for some time. These could signal hormonal imbalances, medication side effects, or other underlying issues that need attention. Use apps like Clue or Flo, or simply note symptoms in a calendar.
Managing menstrual symptoms while on Mounjaro involves a holistic approach that supports both hormonal balance and overall wellbeing.
1. Supportive Lifestyle Habits
Start by focusing on lifestyle habits that naturally ease period discomfort. A balanced diet rich in whole grains, leafy greens, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help stabilise blood sugar levels and reduce inflammation - both of which may play a role in period cramps and mood changes. Including foods high in magnesium (like nuts, seeds, and dark chocolate) and omega-3 fatty acids (like salmon or flaxseeds) may also help reduce cramping.
Staying physically active is another powerful tool - gentle exercises like walking, stretching, or yoga can increase blood flow, reduce tension, and improve your overall sense of wellbeing during your cycle. Hydration and adequate sleep support hormone regulation and can ease fatigue and bloating, while stress-reducing activities like meditation, journaling, or even warm baths may help ease both mental and physical premenstrual symptoms.
2. Pain Relief Options
For pain relief, over-the-counter medications such as paracetamol or ibuprofen can be effective in managing cramps. However, it’s important to use them cautiously if you’re experiencing gastrointestinal side effects from Mounjaro like nausea or constipation.
3. Complementary Therapies
Some people also find comfort in non-pharmacological methods like applying a hot water bottle to the lower abdomen, using herbal teas like chamomile or ginger, or taking magnesium supplements - though any supplement should be discussed with your GP to ensure it's safe alongside your current medications.
4. Communicate with Your Healthcare Provider
Lastly, open communication with your healthcare provider is essential. If your cycle becomes irregular, if cramps worsen, or if you experience any unexpected symptoms such as spotting, prolonged bleeding, or missed periods, it’s important to seek professional advice. Your doctor can help determine whether these changes are related to Mounjaro, weight loss, hormonal shifts, or another underlying cause, and guide you on the best course of action.
Mounjaro is a powerful medication with proven benefits for weight loss and metabolic health. For many women, these benefits may translate into more regular and less painful periods, especially for those with PCOS or insulin resistance. However, it’s essential to understand that period changes are not officially listed as side effects but do occur anecdotally. Menstrual cramps may improve or worsen depending on your hormonal baseline and weight loss pace. Mounjaro can affect hormonal contraceptives and HRT absorption, which requires additional precautions. Being proactive, tracking your cycle, choosing the right contraceptives, and staying in touch with your GP, ensures that you can reap the benefits of Mounjaro without sacrificing menstrual health.
Weight loss journeys are about more than numbers on a scale. For women, especially, they often involve complex hormonal shifts.
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